IIoT and Industrial Networking Flashcards
7 cards from real SACA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 IIoT and Industrial Networking flashcards as text
In an IIoT deployment, what does the term 'digital twin' refer to?
Answer: A virtual replica of a physical asset updated with real-time sensor data
A digital twin is a live virtual model of a physical asset or process, continuously synchronized with real-world data to enable simulation, monitoring, and predictive analytics.
Which MQTT Quality of Service (QoS) level guarantees that a message is delivered exactly once, preventing duplicates?
Answer: QoS 2 – Exactly once
MQTT QoS 2 uses a four-step handshake (PUBLISH, PUBREC, PUBREL, PUBCOMP) to ensure exactly-once delivery, eliminating both loss and duplication.
A cybersecurity engineer is hardening an IIoT network and implements unidirectional security gateways (data diodes) between the OT and IT zones. What is the primary benefit?
Answer: Physically preventing data from flowing back into the OT network
Data diodes enforce one-way data flow at the hardware level, making it physically impossible for malicious traffic to reach the OT network from the IT side.
Which time synchronization protocol is commonly used in industrial networks to achieve sub-microsecond accuracy across Ethernet-connected automation devices?
Answer: IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
IEEE 1588 PTP uses hardware timestamping and a master-slave hierarchy to synchronize clocks across a network with sub-microsecond accuracy, meeting the demands of motion control and process automation.
In an IIoT context, what does OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) measure?
Answer: The combined impact of availability, performance, and quality on manufacturing productivity
OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality, and it quantifies how effectively a manufacturing operation uses its equipment compared to its full theoretical potential.
When configuring industrial firewall rules between a DMZ historian and the plant floor network, which principle should guide the rule set?
Answer: Deny all and permit only explicitly required traffic (least privilege)
The principle of least privilege dictates that only specifically required communication flows are permitted, minimizing the attack surface between the historian DMZ and OT devices.
Which industrial protocol natively supports the publish-subscribe model across an Ethernet network and is designed as a successor to traditional OPC DA for IIoT scalability?
Answer: OPC UA PubSub
OPC UA PubSub extends the OPC UA information model with a broker-based publish-subscribe transport (MQTT or AMQP), enabling scalable, loosely coupled IIoT data distribution.