SAC Foundational Concepts & Principles 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which principle states that a process should only have the minimum permissions necessary to perform its function?
- Defense in depth
- Least privilege (Correct answer)
- Separation of duties
- Need to know
Correct answer: Least privilege
The principle of least privilege limits access rights to only what is strictly required for a task, reducing attack surface.
Question 2: In a client-server model, which component is responsible for processing requests and returning results?
- Client
- Router
- Server (Correct answer)
- Proxy
Correct answer: Server
The server processes client requests and returns appropriate responses in the client-server architecture model.
Question 3: Which type of backup stores only the data that has changed since the last full backup?
- Full backup
- Differential backup (Correct answer)
- Mirror backup
- Snapshot backup
Correct answer: Differential backup
A differential backup captures all changes made since the most recent full backup, growing larger over time.
Question 4: What does RAID 1 primarily provide?
- Increased storage capacity through striping
- Data mirroring for redundancy (Correct answer)
- Parity-based fault tolerance
- Improved read performance across multiple disks
Correct answer: Data mirroring for redundancy
RAID 1 mirrors data identically across two or more drives, providing redundancy at the cost of usable capacity.
Question 5: Which network protocol is used to dynamically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?
- DNS
- SNMP
- DHCP (Correct answer)
- FTP
Correct answer: DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration to clients.
Question 6: What is the primary purpose of a hypervisor in virtualization?
- To manage physical network switches
- To create and manage virtual machines on host hardware (Correct answer)
- To encrypt data at rest
- To monitor application performance
Correct answer: To create and manage virtual machines on host hardware
A hypervisor abstracts physical hardware resources and allocates them to multiple virtual machines running simultaneously.
Question 7: In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and reliability?
- Network layer
- Session layer
- Transport layer (Correct answer)
- Data link layer
Correct answer: Transport layer
The Transport layer (Layer 4) manages end-to-end communication, flow control, and reliability via protocols like TCP.
SAC Foundational Concepts & Principles 2
Which principle states that a process should only have the minimum permissions necessary to perform its function?