Operating Systems and System Configuration Flashcards

Which command is used in Linux to change file permissions?

Answer: chmod

The `chmod` command in Linux is used to change file permissions, which control who can read, write, or execute a file or directory. Users can specify permissions using symbolic modes (e.g., `u+x` for user execute) or octal notation (e.g., `755` for read/write/execute for owner, read/execute for group and others). This command is fundamental for system security and access control, ensuring proper file access.

What is the purpose of the Windows 'Task Manager'?

Answer: Monitor and manage system processes

The Windows Task Manager is a utility that provides real-time information about processes, performance, app history, startup programs, users, and services running on a computer. Its primary purpose is to allow users and administrators to monitor system resources, identify resource-intensive applications, and manage (start, stop, or end) running processes. This helps in troubleshooting and optimizing system performance by providing insight into resource usage.

Which file system is commonly used by Windows operating systems?

Answer: NTFS

NTFS (New Technology File System) is the primary file system used by modern versions of the Windows operating system. It offers significant improvements over older file systems like FAT, including enhanced security features (such as file-level permissions), support for larger file sizes and disk volumes, journaling for data recovery, and improved reliability. These features make it robust and suitable for contemporary computing needs.

In Linux, what does the 'sudo' command do?

Answer: Executes a command with elevated privileges

In Linux, the `sudo` (superuser do) command allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser (root) or another user, as defined by the `/etc/sudoers` file. This is crucial for system administration tasks that require elevated permissions, enabling users to perform administrative actions without logging in as root directly. This approach enhances security by limiting the time spent as the root user.

What tool is used in Windows to manage system startup programs?

Answer: msconfig

`msconfig` (System Configuration) is a Windows utility that allows users to manage various startup settings, including programs that launch with the operating system. It provides tabs like "Startup" (or links to Task Manager's "Startup" tab in newer versions) to enable or disable these programs. This tool is crucial for troubleshooting boot issues or improving system performance by controlling what runs at startup.

Which Linux command lists all users currently logged into the system?

Answer: who

The `who` command in Linux is used to display information about users currently logged into the system. It shows details such as the username, terminal line, login time, and remote host for each active session. This command is a quick way for system administrators to monitor who is currently using the system.