Foundational Concepts & Principles Flashcards

Which principle states that a process should only have the minimum permissions necessary to perform its function?

Answer: Least privilege

The principle of least privilege limits access rights to only what is strictly required for a task, reducing attack surface.

In a client-server model, which component is responsible for processing requests and returning results?

Answer: Server

The server processes client requests and returns appropriate responses in the client-server architecture model.

Which type of backup stores only the data that has changed since the last full backup?

Answer: Differential backup

A differential backup captures all changes made since the most recent full backup, growing larger over time.

What does RAID 1 primarily provide?

Answer: Data mirroring for redundancy

RAID 1 mirrors data identically across two or more drives, providing redundancy at the cost of usable capacity.

Which network protocol is used to dynamically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?

Answer: DHCP

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration to clients.

What is the primary purpose of a hypervisor in virtualization?

Answer: To create and manage virtual machines on host hardware

A hypervisor abstracts physical hardware resources and allocates them to multiple virtual machines running simultaneously.

In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and reliability?

Answer: Transport layer

The Transport layer (Layer 4) manages end-to-end communication, flow control, and reliability via protocols like TCP.