Automation, Scripting, and Virtualization Flashcards

Which cron schedule expression runs a job at 2:30 AM every Monday?

Answer: 30 2 * * 1

Cron fields are minute, hour, day-of-month, month, day-of-week — so '30 2 * * 1' means 2:30 AM on Monday.

In Terraform, what command applies changes shown in a previously generated execution plan file?

Answer: terraform apply

terraform apply executes the changes outlined in the plan, provisioning or modifying infrastructure resources.

What is the primary role of a 'Type 1' (bare-metal) hypervisor compared to a 'Type 2' hypervisor?

Answer: Type 1 runs directly on hardware; Type 2 runs on top of a host OS

Type 1 hypervisors (e.g., ESXi, Hyper-V) run directly on hardware, while Type 2 (e.g., VirtualBox, VMware Workstation) run within a host OS.

In a Bash script, which construct checks if the file '/etc/passwd' exists and is readable?

Answer: if [ -r /etc/passwd ]

The -r flag in a Bash test expression returns true when the specified file exists and is readable.

Which PowerShell feature allows you to define a reusable block of code that accepts parameters and returns a value?

Answer: Function

PowerShell functions are defined with the 'function' keyword and can accept typed parameters and return values.

What is 'live migration' in a virtualized environment?

Answer: Moving a running VM from one physical host to another with no downtime

Live migration (e.g., vMotion, KVM live migration) transfers a powered-on VM between hosts transparently to end users.

Which Ansible inventory concept groups hosts so that plays can target multiple servers by a shared label?

Answer: Host groups

Host groups let administrators target a logical set of servers (e.g., [webservers]) in playbook plays.