RRT RRT Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 3

Question 1

What is the hallmark chest X-ray finding in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse ground-glass opacity with air bronchograms

Answer

Hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms

Answer

Unilateral whiteout with mediastinal shift

Answer

Perihilar streaky infiltrates

Question 2

Which pediatric airway emergency presents with a 'steeple sign' on anteroposterior neck X-ray?

Accepted Answer

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Bacterial tracheitis

Answer

Foreign body aspiration

Question 3

What flow rate is typically used with a simple pediatric oxygen mask to prevent CO2 rebreathing?

Accepted Answer

6–10 L/min

Answer

1–2 L/min

Answer

3–4 L/min

Answer

12–15 L/min

Question 4

In a neonate, which blood gas finding is most consistent with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN)?

Accepted Answer

Severe hypoxemia that responds poorly to 100% FiO2

Answer

Low PaO2 that improves dramatically with supplemental oxygen

Answer

Hypercarbia with normal oxygenation

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis with low PaCO2

Question 5

What is the primary risk factor for developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from a respiratory therapy perspective?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to excessive supplemental oxygen (hyperoxia)

Answer

Prolonged mechanical ventilation

Answer

Use of surfactant replacement therapy

Answer

High PEEP settings

Question 6

Which neonatal resuscitation intervention is performed when the heart rate remains below 60 bpm despite adequate ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Begin chest compressions at a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio

Answer

Increase FiO2 to 100%

Answer

Administer surfactant

Answer

Place a laryngeal mask airway