RH Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology 2

Question 1

Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

The zona glomerulosa is the outermost cortical layer and is the sole site of aldosterone production.

Question 2

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, which hormone primarily drives estrogen production by granulosa cells?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

FSH stimulates granulosa cells to aromatize androgens into estrogen during the follicular phase.

Question 3

A patient presents with pitting edema, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria. Which pathophysiological mechanism best explains the edema?

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Answer

Loss of albumin through the kidneys reduces plasma oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to shift into interstitial spaces.

Question 4

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which part of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrial wall near the superior vena cava

Answer

The SA node sits in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the junction with the superior vena cava.

Question 5

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for contact dermatitis caused by poison ivy?

Accepted Answer

Type IV (delayed/cell-mediated)

Answer

Poison ivy triggers a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes, peaking 48–72 hours after exposure.

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