REP Geothermal and Hydropower 4

Question 1

Which type of hydropower turbine is most appropriate for very high head applications (above 300 m)?

Accepted Answer

Pelton turbine

Answer

Pelton turbines are impulse turbines designed for very high head, low-flow sites, using jets of water striking buckets on the runner to convert kinetic energy to mechanical energy.

Question 2

What environmental mitigation measure is commonly required at hydropower dams to support fish migration?

Accepted Answer

Construction of fish ladders or bypass channels around the dam

Answer

Fish ladders (fishways) and bypass channels are required at many dams to allow migratory fish such as salmon to pass upstream past the barrier, a key condition in FERC licensing.

Question 3

Geothermal gradient refers to which physical measurement?

Accepted Answer

The rate of increase in temperature with depth below the Earth's surface

Answer

Geothermal gradient is the rate of temperature increase per unit depth in the Earth's crust, typically about 25–30°C/km globally, but much higher in volcanic and tectonic regions suitable for energy extraction.

Question 4

A small hydropower developer wants to avoid full FERC licensing. Which project size typically qualifies for the simplified 'exemption' process?

Accepted Answer

Projects of 5 MW or less at existing dams or natural water features

Answer

FERC offers a simplified exemption process for small hydropower projects of 5 MW or less at existing dams or natural water features, reducing regulatory burden while maintaining environmental review.

Question 5

In geothermal energy, what is the function of a 'separator' in a flash steam plant?

Accepted Answer

It separates steam from liquid brine after pressure reduction so steam can drive the turbine

Answer

In flash steam plants, the separator uses centrifugal force to separate steam from two-phase geothermal fluid after pressure is reduced, directing steam to the turbine and brine to reinjection or further flashing.

(REP) Certified Renewable Energy Professional Practice Test

(REP) Certified Renewable Energy Professional Practice Test

REP Geothermal and Hydropower 4