REP Geothermal and Hydropower 3

Question 1

Which factor most directly determines the power output of a hydropower turbine?

Accepted Answer

Net hydraulic head and volumetric flow rate

Answer

Hydropower output (P = ρgQHη) is primarily governed by net hydraulic head (H) and volumetric flow rate (Q), along with water density and turbine efficiency.

Question 2

In the context of geothermal energy, what is 'reinjection' and why is it practiced?

Accepted Answer

Returning spent geothermal brine to the reservoir to sustain pressure and reduce surface disposal

Answer

Reinjection returns cooled geothermal brine back into the reservoir, maintaining reservoir pressure, extending field life, and minimizing surface disposal of mineral-laden fluid.

Question 3

A Kaplan turbine is preferred over a Francis turbine for which site condition?

Accepted Answer

Low head (below 40 m) with high flow and variable flow rates

Answer

Kaplan turbines have adjustable runner blades suited for low-head, high-flow sites with variable discharge, maintaining efficiency across a wide range of flow conditions.

Question 4

What is the significance of the 'capacity factor' for a hydropower plant?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of actual energy generated to maximum possible energy at full capacity over a period

Answer

Capacity factor is the ratio of actual annual energy output to the theoretical maximum if the plant ran at full nameplate capacity continuously, reflecting real-world hydrology and operational constraints.

Question 5

Which U.S. federal agency is primarily responsible for licensing non-federal hydropower projects?

Accepted Answer

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)

Answer

FERC issues licenses and exemptions for non-federal hydropower projects under the Federal Power Act, overseeing project construction, operation, and environmental conditions.

(REP) Certified Renewable Energy Professional Practice Test

(REP) Certified Renewable Energy Professional Practice Test

REP Geothermal and Hydropower 3