Rehabilitation and Therapy Neurological Rehabilitation 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which scale is most commonly used to classify stroke disability and functional outcome?
- Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (Correct answer)
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
- Barthel Index
Correct answer: Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
The Modified Rankin Scale grades stroke outcome from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death), widely used in clinical trials and practice to assess disability.
Question 2: What is neuroplasticity in the context of neurological rehabilitation?
- The brain's ability to reorganize neural connections in response to experience or injury (Correct answer)
- The flexibility of nerve cell membranes
- The elasticity of peripheral nerves
- The regeneration of severed spinal cord axons
Correct answer: The brain's ability to reorganize neural connections in response to experience or injury
Neuroplasticity enables functional recovery after brain injury by allowing intact neural pathways to take over functions of damaged areas through repetitive practice.
Question 3: Which rehabilitation approach for stroke uses forced use of the affected limb by constraining the unaffected limb?
- Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) (Correct answer)
- Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT/Bobath)
- Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
- Motor Relearning Programme
Correct answer: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)
CIMT constrains the unaffected arm with a mitt or sling for most waking hours while intensively practicing tasks with the paretic arm to overcome learned non-use.
Question 4: What does the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assess?
- Level of consciousness through eye opening, verbal, and motor responses (Correct answer)
- Degree of motor paralysis after spinal injury
- Severity of aphasia post-stroke
- Balance and coordination in Parkinson's disease
Correct answer: Level of consciousness through eye opening, verbal, and motor responses
The GCS evaluates consciousness by scoring eye opening (1–4), verbal response (1–5), and best motor response (1–6), with a total of 3–15.
Question 5: Spasticity after upper motor neuron lesion is best characterized by which feature?
- Velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks (Correct answer)
- Flaccid weakness with absent reflexes
- Involuntary resting tremor
- Loss of sensation in the affected limb
Correct answer: Velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks
Spasticity is a velocity-dependent hypertonus caused by disrupted descending inhibition of the stretch reflex, resulting in increased resistance to rapid passive movement.
Question 6: Which classification system grades spinal cord injury completeness?
- ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) (Correct answer)
- Frankel Classification only
- FIM motor subscale
- Modified Ashworth Scale
Correct answer: ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS)
The ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grades SCI from A (complete motor and sensory loss) to E (normal function) based on neurological examination.
Rehabilitation and Therapy Neurological Rehabilitation 1
Which scale is most commonly used to classify stroke disability and functional outcome?