Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition Support 3

Question 1

Which is the most common IMMEDIATE mechanical complication of central venous catheter insertion for PN?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Air embolism

Answer

Venous thrombosis

Answer

Catheter-related bloodstream infection

Question 2

The most common causative organisms in catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) associated with PN are:

Accepted Answer

Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Gram-negative enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella)

Answer

Candida albicans

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 3

Long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is most strongly associated with which metabolic bone complication?

Accepted Answer

PN-associated metabolic bone disease (osteoporosis/osteomalacia)

Answer

Hypercalcemia-induced nephrolithiasis

Answer

Vitamin D toxicity

Answer

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 4

Which monitoring parameters best reflect SHORT-TERM protein status and adequacy in a PN patient?

Accepted Answer

Prealbumin (transthyretin) and nitrogen balance

Answer

Serum albumin and total protein

Answer

Urinary creatinine and BUN alone

Answer

Serum transferrin and hemoglobin

Question 5

In an adult receiving fat-free parenteral nutrition, essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) typically develops within:

Accepted Answer

2–4 weeks

Answer

1–3 days

Answer

4–7 days

Answer

3–6 months

Question 6

A Triene:Tetraene ratio greater than 0.4 in a PN patient indicates:

Accepted Answer

Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)

Answer

Refeeding syndrome

Answer

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease

Answer

Carnitine deficiency

Question 7

Which intervention is most effective in preventing parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD)?

Accepted Answer

Cycling PN (off 10–12 hours/day) and using fish oil-containing lipid emulsions

Answer

Adding supplemental carnitine to the PN bag

Answer

Restricting all lipid emulsions from the PN formula

Answer

Increasing the dextrose-to-lipid ratio in the PN formula