Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Medical Nutrition Therapy 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which dietary fat profile is most recommended to reduce LDL cholesterol through medical nutrition therapy?
- High saturated fat, low unsaturated fat
- Low saturated fat, high mono- and polyunsaturated fats (Correct answer)
- High trans fat intake
- Equal portions of all fat types
Correct answer: Low saturated fat, high mono- and polyunsaturated fats
Replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats significantly lowers LDL cholesterol levels.
Question 2: The DASH diet is primarily designed as medical nutrition therapy for which condition?
- Type 1 diabetes
- Hypertension (Correct answer)
- Celiac disease
- Crohn's disease
Correct answer: Hypertension
The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet was specifically developed to reduce high blood pressure through dietary modification.
Question 3: A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) must restrict which amino acid?
- Tyrosine
- Phenylalanine (Correct answer)
- Tryptophan
- Leucine
Correct answer: Phenylalanine
PKU is caused by inability to metabolize phenylalanine, so dietary restriction prevents toxic accumulation and neurological damage.
Question 4: Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
- Vitamin E
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
PPIs reduce stomach acid, which is required to release protein-bound B12 from food, leading to B12 deficiency over time.
Question 5: What is the recommended protein intake range for critically ill ICU patients?
- 0.5 g/kg/day
- 1.2–2.0 g/kg/day (Correct answer)
- 3.0 g/kg/day
- 0.8 g/kg/day
Correct answer: 1.2–2.0 g/kg/day
Critical illness increases catabolism, requiring 1.2–2.0 g/kg/day of protein to preserve lean body mass and support immune function.
Question 6: Which vitamin must be administered before initiating refeeding to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy?
- Zinc
- Thiamine (Vitamin B1) (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
- Potassium
Correct answer: Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Thiamine must be replenished before providing glucose or carbohydrates in malnourished patients to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy.
Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Medical Nutrition Therapy 2
Which dietary fat profile is most recommended to reduce LDL cholesterol through medical nutrition therapy?