RDN Research and Evidence-Based Practice 3

Question 1

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research is PRIMARILY responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Protecting the rights, safety, and welfare of human research participants

Answer

Evaluating the statistical methods and power calculations of research studies

Answer

Providing funding and grants for approved nutrition research studies

Answer

Publishing and peer-reviewing nutrition research manuscripts

Question 2

Valid informed consent for a nutrition research study requires that participants:

Accepted Answer

Voluntarily agree to participate after receiving adequate information about the study's purpose, risks, benefits, and right to withdraw

Answer

Hold at minimum a college degree to ensure they comprehend study risks

Answer

Sign a legal liability waiver releasing researchers from all responsibility

Answer

Be randomized to a group assignment before providing consent

Question 3

In a single-blind clinical nutrition trial, which party is unaware of the group assignment?

Accepted Answer

Only the participants do not know their group assignment

Answer

Neither participants nor researchers know the group assignments

Answer

Only the researchers and data collectors do not know the group assignments

Answer

Only the biostatisticians analyzing the data do not know the group assignments

Question 4

A cross-sectional study design in nutrition research is BEST used to:

Accepted Answer

Measure exposure and outcome simultaneously at a single point in time

Answer

Follow a group of participants over time to observe disease development

Answer

Compare dietary habits of disease cases with matched healthy controls

Answer

Test the efficacy of a new dietary intervention against a control

Question 5

A prospective cohort study design in nutritional epidemiology is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Following disease-free individuals forward in time and observing who develops disease based on dietary patterns

Answer

Identifying people with and without a disease and then looking backward at their past dietary history

Answer

Randomly assigning participants to different dietary intervention groups

Answer

Measuring dietary intake at a single point in time without follow-up

Question 6

An odds ratio (OR) of 0.5 in a case-control study examining dietary fiber intake and colon cancer risk MOST suggests:

Accepted Answer

High fiber intake is associated with half the odds of developing colon cancer

Answer

High fiber intake is associated with twice the odds of developing colon cancer

Answer

There is no meaningful association between fiber intake and colon cancer risk

Answer

50% of study participants developed colon cancer

Question 7

Selection bias in a nutrition research study is MOST likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

The study sample is systematically different from the target population due to how participants are recruited or who agrees to participate

Answer

Participants are randomly assigned to intervention and control groups

Answer

Confounding variables are evenly distributed between the study groups

Answer

Dietary data are collected at multiple time points throughout the study