Raven's Progressive Matrices Test Raven's Progressive Matrices Element Combination and Subtraction 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A Raven's matrix row shows three frames. Frame 1 has a large outer shape and a small inner shape. Frame 2 has the large outer shape only. Frame 3 should show what, based on the subtraction rule?
- The small inner shape only (Correct answer)
- Both shapes
- No shapes
- A new shape not seen before
Correct answer: The small inner shape only
Subtracting frame 2 (large shape) from frame 1 (large + small) isolates the small inner shape.
Question 2: In a 3×3 Raven's matrix, columns follow a combination rule: each column's bottom cell is the overlay of the top and middle cells with shared line segments erased. The top cell has segments A, B, C; the middle cell has segments B, D. What segments appear in the bottom cell?
- A, C, D (Correct answer)
- A, B, C, D
- B only
- A and C only
Correct answer: A, C, D
Shared segment B is erased; the unique segments A, C (from top) and D (from middle) remain.
Question 3: A matrix uses an XOR (exclusive-or) combination rule: an element appears in the result only if it appears in exactly one of the two source figures, not both. Source 1: {triangle, circle}. Source 2: {circle, square}. What is the result?
- Triangle and square (Correct answer)
- Circle only
- Triangle, circle, and square
- Empty
Correct answer: Triangle and square
Circle appears in both sources (excluded by XOR); triangle and square each appear in only one source (retained).
Question 4: A Raven's item shows a 3×3 grid where each row combines patterns using addition. The number of black squares in each row sums to 6. Row 3 has 2 black squares in column 1 and 1 black square in column 2. How many black squares must the missing column-3 cell contain?
- 3 black squares (Correct answer)
- 2 black squares
- 4 black squares
- 1 black square
Correct answer: 3 black squares
The row must sum to 6; 2 + 1 + ? = 6 means the missing cell has 3 black squares.
Question 5: When two figures are combined in a Raven's matrix and the rule is 'union without duplication,' a shape already present in the result is not added again. Figure 1: {circle, square}. Figure 2: {square, triangle}. Result: ?
- Circle, square, triangle (Correct answer)
- Circle and square
- Square only
- Circle, square, square, triangle
Correct answer: Circle, square, triangle
The union includes all unique shapes: circle, square, and triangle; the duplicate square is not added twice.
Question 6: In a Raven's matrix, the element-subtraction rule operates on size: each step reduces the element by one size level (large→medium→small→disappears). A large arrow appears in column 1. A medium arrow appears in column 2. What appears in column 3?
- Small arrow (Correct answer)
- Large arrow
- No arrow
- Medium arrow
Correct answer: Small arrow
Continuing the reduction: large → medium → small, so a small arrow appears in column 3.
Question 7: An advanced Raven's item combines two transformation rules: (1) rotate the figure 90° clockwise, and (2) subtract one internal element. A figure starts with 3 internal dots oriented upward. After one combined transformation, it has 2 internal dots and is rotated 90°. After a second transformation, what does it look like?
- 1 internal dot, rotated 180° from original (Correct answer)
- 2 internal dots, rotated 180°
- 0 dots, rotated 90°
- 3 dots, rotated 180°
Correct answer: 1 internal dot, rotated 180° from original
Each step rotates 90° and removes one dot: after step 2, orientation is 180° from original and 1 dot remains.
Raven's Progressive Matrices Test Raven's Progressive Matrices Element Combination and Subtraction 4
A Raven's matrix row shows three frames.
Frame 1 has a large outer shape and a small inner shape.
Frame 2 has the large outer shape only.
Frame 3 should show what, based on the subtraction rule?