RA Statistical Analysis and Interpretation 3

Question 1

In multiple regression analysis, what does multicollinearity refer to?

Accepted Answer

High correlation among two or more predictor variables in the model

Answer

Having too many outcome variables in one model

Answer

A non-linear relationship between predictors and the outcome

Answer

Unequal variances across groups

Question 2

Effect size in research primarily communicates:

Accepted Answer

The practical magnitude or importance of an observed difference or relationship

Answer

Whether a finding is statistically significant

Answer

The probability that results occurred by chance

Answer

The number of participants needed for a study

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct interpretation of a statistically non-significant result (p > 0.05)?

Accepted Answer

There is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis

Answer

The null hypothesis is proven to be true

Answer

The study was conducted incorrectly

Answer

There is definitely no effect in the population

Question 4

Data transformation in statistical analysis (e.g., log transformation) is most commonly used to:

Accepted Answer

Improve normality or stabilize variance in skewed data

Answer

Remove outliers permanently from a dataset

Answer

Increase the sample size artificially

Answer

Convert categorical variables to continuous ones

Question 5

A Likert scale used in research surveys is best classified as which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Answer

Nominal

Answer

Ratio

Answer

Interval

Question 6

In research measurement, internal consistency reliability is most commonly assessed using:

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha

Answer

Pearson correlation coefficient

Answer

Cohen's kappa

Answer

Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)

Question 7

In regression analysis, the R-squared (R²) value represents:

Accepted Answer

The proportion of variance in the outcome variable explained by the predictor(s)

Answer

The statistical significance of the regression model

Answer

The average residual error of the model

Answer

The correlation between any two predictor variables