Python Functions and Scope 3

Question 1

What is the result of calling a function that has no `return` statement?

Accepted Answer

None

Answer

Python functions implicitly return `None` when execution reaches the end without a `return` statement.

Question 2

How do you enforce that a function argument must be passed as a keyword-only argument?

Accepted Answer

Place it after a bare * or after *args in the signature

Answer

Parameters listed after `*` or `*args` in a function signature can only be passed by keyword, not positionally.

Question 3

What does `**kwargs` capture in a function definition?

Accepted Answer

Extra keyword arguments as a dictionary

Answer

`**kwargs` collects any extra keyword arguments into a dictionary where keys are argument names.

Question 4

In Python, what is a first-class function?

Accepted Answer

A function that can be passed as an argument, returned, or assigned to a variable

Answer

First-class functions are treated like any other object — they can be stored in variables, passed to other functions, and returned from functions.

Question 5

What error does Python raise when you try to read a local variable before assigning it?

Accepted Answer

UnboundLocalError

Answer

`UnboundLocalError` is raised when a local variable is referenced before it has been assigned a value.

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