PU Placenta and Amniotic Fluid Evaluation 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which condition is most commonly associated with polyhydramnios?
- Fetal gastrointestinal obstruction (Correct answer)
- Fetal renal agenesis
- Placenta previa
- Twin-to-twin transfusion
Correct answer: Fetal gastrointestinal obstruction
Upper GI tract obstructions such as esophageal or duodenal atresia prevent the fetus from swallowing amniotic fluid, leading to polyhydramnios.
Question 2: What is a succenturiate lobe of the placenta?
- An accessory placental lobe separate from the main placenta (Correct answer)
- A placenta with a velamentous cord insertion
- A marginal placenta previa
- A placenta with calcifications
Correct answer: An accessory placental lobe separate from the main placenta
A succenturiate lobe is an accessory lobe of placental tissue connected to the main placenta by blood vessels running through the membranes.
Question 3: What ultrasound finding suggests renal agenesis as a cause of oligohydramnios?
- Absent or severely abnormal kidneys with no bladder filling (Correct answer)
- Enlarged kidneys
- Hyperechoic kidneys
- Hydronephrosis
Correct answer: Absent or severely abnormal kidneys with no bladder filling
In renal agenesis, the fetal kidneys are absent and the bladder does not fill, leading to severe oligohydramnios due to absent urine production.
Question 4: Where is the placenta most commonly located in uncomplicated pregnancies?
- Posterior uterine wall (Correct answer)
- Anterior uterine wall
- Fundus
- Lower uterine segment
Correct answer: Posterior uterine wall
The placenta most commonly implants on the posterior uterine wall, though anterior and fundal implantation are also normal locations.
Question 5: What does placental grading assess on ultrasound?
- Placental maturity based on echogenicity and calcifications (Correct answer)
- Placental blood flow
- Placental weight
- Placental thickness
Correct answer: Placental maturity based on echogenicity and calcifications
Placental grading (Grannum classification) assesses maturity by evaluating echogenicity patterns, calcifications, and basal layer changes on ultrasound.
Question 6: Which type of placenta previa has the highest risk for cesarean delivery?
- Complete placenta previa (Correct answer)
- Marginal placenta previa
- Low-lying placenta
- Partial placenta previa
Correct answer: Complete placenta previa
Complete placenta previa, where the placenta entirely covers the internal cervical os, has the highest risk and virtually always requires cesarean delivery.
PU Placenta and Amniotic Fluid Evaluation 2
Which condition is most commonly associated with polyhydramnios?