PTSD PTSD Neurobiology & Physiological Responses

Question 1

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the fear response dysregulation seen in PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

The amygdala is hyperactivated in PTSD, driving exaggerated fear responses and emotional reactivity.

Question 2

What physiological change in the hippocampus is commonly observed in individuals with chronic PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Reduced hippocampal volume

Answer

Chronic stress hormones such as cortisol can cause hippocampal atrophy, impairing memory consolidation and contextualization of fear.

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter system is most implicated in the hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Noradrenergic system

Answer

Norepinephrine dysregulation drives the hyperarousal, hypervigilance, and exaggerated startle response characteristic of PTSD.

Question 4

What is the role of cortisol in PTSD pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol levels are typically low or dysregulated in PTSD

Answer

Many PTSD patients show low baseline cortisol with exaggerated feedback sensitivity, reflecting HPA axis dysregulation rather than simple elevation.

Question 5

Which autonomic nervous system state is most associated with PTSD hyperarousal symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic dominance

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system dominance underlies the hyperarousal cluster, including elevated heart rate, sweating, and increased startle response.

(PTSD) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Certification Practice Test