PTC Special Populations and Health Screening 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the recommended exercise approach for clients with Type 2 diabetes?
- Avoid all exercise due to hypoglycemia risk
- Combine aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve insulin sensitivity (Correct answer)
- Limit exercise to 10 minutes per day
- Only perform stretching exercises
Correct answer: Combine aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve insulin sensitivity
For Type 2 diabetes, a combination of aerobic and resistance training is recommended as both modalities improve insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors.
Question 2: Which of the following is a key consideration when training youth athletes (ages 10–16)?
- Maximize load to build maximum strength quickly
- Focus on skill development, movement quality, and relative strength (Correct answer)
- Avoid all resistance training until age 18
- Only use machine weights, never free weights
Correct answer: Focus on skill development, movement quality, and relative strength
Youth training should prioritize movement quality, skill acquisition, and relative strength development while avoiding excessive loads that could stress developing growth plates.
Question 3: What does BMI (Body Mass Index) measure?
- Percentage of body fat
- Ratio of weight to height squared used as a proxy for body composition (Correct answer)
- Lean muscle mass
- Visceral fat levels
Correct answer: Ratio of weight to height squared used as a proxy for body composition
BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²), providing a simple population-level screening tool for weight status, though it doesn't directly measure body fat.
Question 4: Resting blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher is classified as:
- Normal blood pressure
- Elevated blood pressure (prehypertension)
- Hypertension Stage 1 or 2 (Correct answer)
- Hypotension
Correct answer: Hypertension Stage 1 or 2
According to AHA guidelines, a resting blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher is classified as Stage 2 hypertension, requiring medical management and careful exercise prescription.
Question 5: When designing exercise programs for individuals with depression or anxiety, which benefit of exercise should be highlighted?
- Exercise has no effect on mental health
- Exercise can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and increase self-efficacy through neurochemical changes (Correct answer)
- Only aerobic exercise above 80% max HR helps mental health
- Resistance training worsens anxiety symptoms
Correct answer: Exercise can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and increase self-efficacy through neurochemical changes
Regular exercise is well-supported as an adjunct treatment for mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety, improving mood through endorphin release, neurotransmitter regulation, and increased self-efficacy.
Question 6: What is the primary concern when a client is diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and starts exercising?
- Excessive muscle soreness
- Cardiac events triggered by inappropriate exercise intensity (Correct answer)
- Loss of flexibility
- Weight gain from rest
Correct answer: Cardiac events triggered by inappropriate exercise intensity
Clients with CAD are at elevated risk for cardiac events during exercise, requiring medical clearance, conservative intensity targets, and monitoring of symptoms such as chest pain and dyspnea.
PTC Special Populations and Health Screening 2
What is the recommended exercise approach for clients with Type 2 diabetes?