PTA Science Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for voluntary body movement?
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Skeletal muscle tissue (Correct answer)
- Nervous tissue
Correct answer: Skeletal muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and under voluntary control, enabling intentional body movements.
Question 2: What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
- Protein synthesis
- ATP production via cellular respiration (Correct answer)
- DNA replication
- Lipid storage
Correct answer: ATP production via cellular respiration
Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration, earning the name 'powerhouse of the cell.'
Question 3: Newton's third law of motion states that for every action there is:
- An equal but same-direction reaction
- An equal and opposite reaction (Correct answer)
- A proportional but delayed reaction
- A smaller reaction due to friction
Correct answer: An equal and opposite reaction
Newton's third law states every action force produces an equal and opposite reaction force, fundamental to understanding ground reaction forces in PT.
Question 4: Which pH range describes an acidic solution?
- 7.1 – 14
- Exactly 7.0
- 0 – 6.9 (Correct answer)
- 7.0 – 8.0
Correct answer: 0 – 6.9
Acidic solutions have a pH below 7.0; the lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.
Question 5: In human anatomy, the sagittal plane divides the body into:
- Superior and inferior halves
- Anterior and posterior halves
- Left and right portions (Correct answer)
- Medial and lateral segments
Correct answer: Left and right portions
The sagittal plane runs vertically front-to-back, dividing the body into left and right portions.
Question 6: Which of the following best describes osmosis?
- Movement of solute from low to high concentration
- Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration (Correct answer)
- Active transport of ions against a gradient
- Diffusion of oxygen into red blood cells
Correct answer: Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration
Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane toward the area of higher solute concentration.
Question 7: The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction by describing the interaction between:
- Collagen and elastin fibers
- Actin and myosin filaments (Correct answer)
- Sarcolemma and T-tubules
- Tropomyosin and titin only
Correct answer: Actin and myosin filaments
The sliding filament theory explains that myosin heads bind actin filaments, pulling them inward to shorten the sarcomere and produce contraction.
PTA Science Fundamentals 2
Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for voluntary body movement?