Psychology Degree Lifespan Development Theories Questions and Answers Flashcards

Which psychologist proposed the psychosocial theory of development with eight stages spanning from infancy to late adulthood?

Answer: Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory consisting of eight stages, each centered on a specific conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality development.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system represents the broader cultural values, laws, and customs that influence a child's development?

Answer: Macrosystem

The macrosystem encompasses the overarching cultural context, including societal values, economic patterns, and political systems that shape development.

According to Baltes' lifespan developmental perspective, which principle states that development always involves both gains and losses?

Answer: Multidirectionality

Multidirectionality holds that development is not purely growth or decline but involves simultaneous gains in some areas and losses in others at every age.

What concept did Vygotsky introduce to describe the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance?

Answer: Zone of proximal development

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) refers to the range of tasks a person can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other but cannot yet do alone.

Which stage in Levinson's theory of adult development involves questioning life choices and often occurs around age 40 to 45?

Answer: Midlife transition

Levinson's midlife transition, occurring roughly between ages 40 and 45, involves reevaluating earlier life structures and confronting mortality and unfulfilled goals.

In Havighurst's developmental task theory, which task is considered central to middle adulthood?

Answer: Achieving civic responsibility and guiding the next generation

Havighurst identified assisting the next generation and assuming broader social responsibility as key developmental tasks of middle adulthood.