FREE Psychology Degree Lifespan Development Theories Questions and Answers Flashcards
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According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system represents the broader cultural values and laws that indirectly influence a child's development?
Answer: Macrosystem
The macrosystem encompasses the overarching cultural values, customs, and laws that shape all other environmental systems in a child's development.
In Levinson's theory of adult development, what term describes the transitional period between ages 40 and 45 when individuals reassess their life structure?
Answer: Midlife transition
Levinson identified the midlife transition (ages 40-45) as a critical period when adults evaluate accomplishments and modify their life structure.
Which theorist proposed that cognitive development occurs through a predictable sequence of stages including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational?
Answer: Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget developed the four-stage theory of cognitive development that describes how children progressively build more complex thinking abilities.
What concept in Baltes' lifespan developmental theory refers to the idea that development involves both gains and losses at every age?
Answer: Multidirectionality
Multidirectionality is Baltes' principle that development is not purely growth or decline but involves simultaneous gains and losses throughout life.
In Bowlby's attachment theory, during which phase do infants begin to show a clear preference for their primary caregiver and exhibit stranger anxiety?
Answer: Clear-cut attachment phase
The clear-cut attachment phase (approximately 6-8 months to 18-24 months) is when infants demonstrate strong preference for their caregiver and distress around unfamiliar people.
Which of the following best represents Vygotsky's zone of proximal development in a lifespan context?
Answer: The gap between what a person can do alone and what they can achieve with skilled guidance
The zone of proximal development describes the distance between independent ability and potential ability when supported by a more knowledgeable partner.