Cognitive Psychology and Memory Flashcards
7 cards from real Psychology Degree practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Psychology and Memory flashcards as text
Which memory phenomenon occurs when previously learned information interferes with the recall of newly learned information?
Answer: Proactive interference
Proactive interference occurs when older memories disrupt the retrieval of newer memories.
The 'levels of processing' framework proposed by Craik and Lockhart (1972) suggests that memory retention depends on:
Answer: The depth at which information is encoded
Craik and Lockhart argued that deeper, more meaningful processing (semantic) produces stronger, more durable memory traces than shallow processing (structural or phonological).
Which brain structure is most critical for the consolidation of new explicit (declarative) memories?
Answer: Hippocampus
The hippocampus is essential for consolidating new explicit memories from short-term to long-term storage.
What does the 'serial position effect' demonstrate about free recall?
Answer: First and last items are remembered better than middle items
The serial position effect shows a primacy advantage (first items rehearsed into LTM) and a recency advantage (last items still in working memory).
Which type of long-term memory is tested when a person identifies a previously seen word in a word-stem completion task without consciously trying to recall it?
Answer: Implicit memory
Implicit memory (priming) is demonstrated when prior exposure facilitates performance without conscious recollection.
The 'tip-of-the-tongue' (TOT) phenomenon best illustrates a failure at which stage of memory retrieval?
Answer: Retrieval despite partial access
TOT states occur when a memory is partially accessible (phonological features available) but full retrieval is temporarily blocked.
According to Baddeley's model of working memory, which component is responsible for integrating information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory?
Answer: Episodic buffer
The episodic buffer, added in 2000, serves as a temporary multidimensional store that integrates information across subsystems and links to long-term memory.