Cognitive Processes and Memory Flashcards
7 cards from real Psychology Degree practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Processes and Memory flashcards as text
Which term describes the unconscious influence of prior experience on current task performance, without intentional recollection?
Answer: Implicit memory
Implicit memory influences behavior without conscious awareness, as seen in priming, procedural learning, and conditioned responses.
The 'generation effect' in memory research refers to the finding that:
Answer: Memories generated by the learner are better remembered than passively read items
Items that learners actively generate (e.g., solving an anagram) are recalled better than items that are simply read, due to deeper processing.
Prospective memory refers to the ability to:
Answer: Remember to perform an intended action in the future
Prospective memory involves forming an intention and later remembering to execute it at the appropriate time or in the appropriate context.
Which phenomenon describes the finding that learning material in multiple contexts leads to better retention than learning in a single, fixed context?
Answer: Context variability effect
Context variability theory holds that encoding in varied contexts creates more retrieval cues, making memories accessible from a wider range of situations.
Dual-process theories of memory and cognition distinguish between System 1 and System 2 processes. Which of the following is a System 1 characteristic?
Answer: Fast, automatic, and associative
System 1 operates quickly and automatically, relying on associations and heuristics, while System 2 is slow, effortful, and deliberate.
What does the 'weapon focus effect' in eyewitness memory research demonstrate?
Answer: Attention focused on a weapon reduces memory accuracy for peripheral details
The weapon focus effect shows that the presence of a weapon narrows attentional focus, impairing memory for peripheral scene details like the perpetrator's face.
The 'testing effect' (also called retrieval practice effect) refers to the finding that:
Answer: Retrieving information strengthens its later accessibility more than restudying
Active retrieval practice produces stronger and more durable long-term retention than an equivalent amount of time spent re-reading or restudying material.