Cognitive Processes and Memory Flashcards
7 cards from real Psychology Degree practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Processes and Memory flashcards as text
Which concept refers to the cognitive shortcut of relying on the ease with which examples come to mind when making judgments?
Answer: Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic leads people to judge likelihood or frequency based on how easily relevant instances are recalled.
In Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store model, information moves from short-term to long-term memory primarily through:
Answer: Maintenance rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal — repeating information in the phonological loop — transfers it from STM to LTM in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model.
Elizabeth Loftus's research on eyewitness testimony showed that post-event information can alter memory. This phenomenon is called the:
Answer: Misinformation effect
The misinformation effect occurs when misleading post-event information is incorporated into the original memory, distorting its accuracy.
The distinction between 'knowing' and 'remembering' in recognition tests is used to separate contributions of:
Answer: Familiarity vs. recollection
Familiarity is a sense of recognition without contextual detail, while recollection involves consciously retrieving the specific episode of encoding.
Spreading activation theory explains how:
Answer: Activating one concept in semantic memory increases activation of related concepts
In semantic network models, activating one node spreads activation along associative links to related nodes, facilitating retrieval of related concepts.
A person who sustains damage to the cerebellum is most likely to experience difficulty with:
Answer: Acquiring new motor skills and conditioned responses
The cerebellum is critical for procedural learning, including motor skill acquisition and classical conditioning of motor responses.
Which phenomenon occurs when memories formed in one emotional or physiological state are best recalled in the same state?
Answer: State-dependent memory
State-dependent memory refers to enhanced recall when the internal physiological or emotional state at retrieval matches the state at encoding.