Psychoanalysis Human Development and Behavior 2

Question 1

In Freud's psychosexual stages, what is the central conflict of the anal stage?

Accepted Answer

Control and autonomy around toilet training

Answer

Oedipal rivalry with the same-sex parent

Answer

Oral gratification through feeding

Answer

Genital exploration and pleasure

Question 2

According to Mahler, what developmental achievement marks the end of the 'symbiotic' phase?

Accepted Answer

The infant's gradual differentiation of self from caregiver

Answer

Object permanence as described by Piaget

Answer

Successful resolution of the Oedipus complex

Answer

Formation of the superego

Question 3

Which Freudian concept describes the redirection of sexual energy toward socially acceptable achievements?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Projection

Answer

Reaction formation

Answer

Displacement

Question 4

In Erikson's model, which stage is characterized by the tension between 'industry' and 'inferiority'?

Accepted Answer

School age (6–12 years)

Answer

Preschool age (3–5 years)

Answer

Adolescence (12–18 years)

Answer

Early adulthood (18–40 years)

Question 5

What does Winnicott mean by the term 'holding environment'?

Accepted Answer

The caregiver's reliable, empathic care that supports the infant's development

Answer

Physical restraint used in residential treatment

Answer

The analyst's office layout and décor

Answer

An infant's physical positioning during feeding

Question 6

The concept of 'basic trust vs. mistrust' in Erikson's theory is most closely associated with which developmental period?

Accepted Answer

Infancy (birth–18 months)

Answer

Latency period

Answer

Toddlerhood (18 months–3 years)

Answer

Early childhood (3–6 years)

Question 7

In Freudian theory, 'fixation' refers to which developmental phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Arrested development at a particular psychosexual stage due to unresolved conflict

Answer

The permanent resolution of an unconscious conflict

Answer

A child's refusal to progress to the next cognitive stage

Answer

The crystallization of adult personality after the latency period