PSW Nutrition and Hydration 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which medical condition most commonly requires a client to follow a low-sodium diet?
- Osteoporosis
- Hypertension and heart failure (Correct answer)
- Type 1 diabetes
- Irritable bowel syndrome
Correct answer: Hypertension and heart failure
Low-sodium diets are prescribed for conditions such as hypertension and heart failure to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure.
Question 2: A client with diabetes needs to carefully monitor their daily intake of which nutrient?
- Protein
- Saturated fat
- Carbohydrates (Correct answer)
- Vitamin C
Correct answer: Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates directly affect blood glucose levels, making carbohydrate monitoring essential for clients managing diabetes.
Question 3: Which vitamin is primarily obtained through skin exposure to sunlight?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Vitamin D is synthesized by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet rays from sunlight and is critical for bone health.
Question 4: A client is prescribed a pureed diet. What is the most likely reason for this dietary modification?
- The client prefers soft foods
- The client has difficulty chewing or swallowing safely (Correct answer)
- The client is on a weight-loss program
- The client has a food allergy
Correct answer: The client has difficulty chewing or swallowing safely
Pureed diets are prescribed for clients with chewing or swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) to reduce the risk of choking and aspiration.
Question 5: In the context of eating and swallowing, what is aspiration?
- The desire to eat and drink
- Food or liquid entering the airway instead of the esophagus (Correct answer)
- The process of digesting food in the stomach
- Swallowing large pieces of food whole
Correct answer: Food or liquid entering the airway instead of the esophagus
Aspiration occurs when food, liquid, or other material enters the trachea and lungs rather than the stomach, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia.
Question 6: When should a PSW report changes in a client's appetite to the supervisor?
- Only after a full week of decreased intake
- Only if the client specifically requests it
- Immediately when a significant or persistent change is noticed (Correct answer)
- At the end of the month during the care plan review
Correct answer: Immediately when a significant or persistent change is noticed
Changes in appetite can signal underlying medical or emotional problems that require prompt assessment by the care team.
Question 7: Which of the following food choices is highest in potassium and would be important for a client with low potassium levels?
- White bread
- Banana (Correct answer)
- Butter
- Pasta
Correct answer: Banana
Bananas are a well-known high-potassium food frequently recommended to help raise low potassium (hypokalemia) levels.
PSW Nutrition and Hydration 2
Which medical condition most commonly requires a client to follow a low-sodium diet?