PSB-RN Nutrition & Dietary Management 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which group of vitamins is classified as fat-soluble and requires dietary fat for proper absorption?
- Vitamins B and C
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K (Correct answer)
- Vitamins A, B, C, and D
- Vitamins C, E, K, and B12
Correct answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins that require dietary fat and bile salts for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Question 2: A patient diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) must strictly restrict which nutrient from the diet?
- Glucose
- Phenylalanine (an amino acid) (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
- Calcium
Correct answer: Phenylalanine (an amino acid)
PKU is an inborn error of metabolism in which phenylalanine cannot be properly metabolized, requiring severe dietary restriction of phenylalanine to prevent neurological damage.
Question 3: What is enteral nutrition?
- Nutrition delivered directly into the bloodstream via IV
- Nutrition delivered through a tube into the gastrointestinal tract (Correct answer)
- Oral supplementation with high-calorie drinks
- Nutrition administered via rectal infusion
Correct answer: Nutrition delivered through a tube into the gastrointestinal tract
Enteral nutrition involves delivering liquid nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube when the patient cannot meet nutritional needs orally.
Question 4: Which mineral is essential for the transport of oxygen within red blood cells?
- Calcium
- Iron (Correct answer)
- Zinc
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Iron
Iron is a core component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, where it binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues throughout the body.
Question 5: What is the caloric value of 1 gram of dietary fat?
- 4 calories
- 7 calories
- 9 calories (Correct answer)
- 11 calories
Correct answer: 9 calories
Fat provides 9 calories per gram, making it the most calorie-dense macronutrient — more than double the caloric value of carbohydrates or protein.
Question 6: A patient with gout should follow which type of therapeutic diet?
- Low-fiber diet
- Low-purine diet (Correct answer)
- High-protein diet
- Ketogenic diet
Correct answer: Low-purine diet
Gout results from elevated uric acid produced by purine metabolism, so a low-purine diet helps reduce uric acid levels and prevent painful gout attacks.
Question 7: What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein in a healthy sedentary adult?
- 0.2 g/kg body weight/day
- 0.8 g/kg body weight/day (Correct answer)
- 1.5 g/kg body weight/day
- 2.5 g/kg body weight/day
Correct answer: 0.8 g/kg body weight/day
The RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg body weight per day for healthy sedentary adults, representing the minimum needed to prevent deficiency.
PSB-RN Nutrition & Dietary Management 2
Which group of vitamins is classified as fat-soluble and requires dietary fat for proper absorption?