PSB-RN Nutrition & Dietary Management 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for causing scurvy?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C (Correct answer)
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and fragile capillaries.
Question 2: Which dietary modification is most important for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
- Increase protein intake
- Restrict potassium and phosphorus (Correct answer)
- Increase sodium intake
- Eliminate all carbohydrates
Correct answer: Restrict potassium and phosphorus
CKD patients must restrict potassium and phosphorus because impaired kidneys cannot effectively filter and eliminate these electrolytes, leading to dangerous accumulation.
Question 3: What is the recommended daily sodium intake for most adults with hypertension according to current dietary guidelines?
- Less than 1,000 mg
- Less than 2,300 mg (Correct answer)
- Less than 3,500 mg
- Less than 5,000 mg
Correct answer: Less than 2,300 mg
The American Heart Association recommends less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day for most adults, especially those managing hypertension.
Question 4: Which macronutrient is most critical for wound healing and tissue repair?
- Carbohydrates
- Fat
- Protein (Correct answer)
- Fiber
Correct answer: Protein
Protein provides the amino acids essential for collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, and tissue repair during the wound healing process.
Question 5: What dietary order is typically given to a patient immediately following bowel surgery?
- High-fiber diet
- NPO (nothing by mouth) then advance to clear liquids (Correct answer)
- Full liquid diet immediately
- Regular diet with low residue
Correct answer: NPO (nothing by mouth) then advance to clear liquids
Post-bowel surgery patients are kept NPO to rest the GI tract, then gradually advanced to clear liquids as bowel function returns.
Question 6: Which food source is widely recognized as one of the highest in potassium content?
- White bread
- Bananas (Correct answer)
- Chicken breast
- Cottage cheese
Correct answer: Bananas
Bananas are among the most well-known high-potassium foods, making them important to monitor in patients at risk for hyperkalemia.
Question 7: What is the primary physiological role of dietary fiber in the human body?
- Provide energy for cellular function
- Promote bowel regularity and digestive health (Correct answer)
- Build and repair muscle tissue
- Transport fat-soluble vitamins
Correct answer: Promote bowel regularity and digestive health
Dietary fiber promotes bowel regularity, prevents constipation, and supports digestive health by adding bulk to stool and feeding beneficial gut bacteria.
PSB-RN Nutrition & Dietary Management 1
Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for causing scurvy?