PSB-PN Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organ's primary role is to filter blood, remove waste, and produce urine?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Kidney (Correct answer)
- Pancreas
Correct answer: Kidney
The kidneys filter approximately 180 liters of blood per day, regulating fluid balance, electrolytes, and acid-base status while excreting waste as urine.
Question 2: The femur bone is located in which region of the body?
- Upper arm
- Forearm
- Upper leg (thigh) (Correct answer)
- Lower leg
Correct answer: Upper leg (thigh)
The femur is the thigh bone, connecting the hip at the acetabulum to the knee joint, and is the longest and strongest bone in the body.
Question 3: Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin primarily through exposure to sunlight?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Vitamin D
UVB radiation from sunlight converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to Vitamin D3, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
Question 4: What is the accepted normal blood pressure reading for a healthy adult?
- 90/60 mmHg
- 120/80 mmHg (Correct answer)
- 140/90 mmHg
- 160/100 mmHg
Correct answer: 120/80 mmHg
120/80 mmHg is the standard reference for normal blood pressure; readings at or above 130/80 mmHg are now classified as hypertension Stage 1 per current guidelines.
Question 5: Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating balance and fine motor movements?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum (Correct answer)
- Medulla oblongata
- Thalamus
Correct answer: Cerebellum
The cerebellum, located at the posterior of the brain, integrates sensory input to fine-tune voluntary movements and maintain posture and balance.
Question 6: Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced in which location in healthy adults?
- Spleen
- Liver
- Lymph nodes
- Red bone marrow (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Red bone marrow
In adults, red blood cells are manufactured through erythropoiesis in red bone marrow, primarily found in flat bones such as the sternum, vertebrae, and iliac crest.
Question 7: What is the normal oral body temperature for an adult in degrees Fahrenheit?
- 96.8°F
- 98.6°F (Correct answer)
- 100.4°F
- 102.2°F
Correct answer: 98.6°F
98.6°F (37°C) is the widely accepted normal oral body temperature for adults; a reading at or above 100.4°F (38°C) typically indicates a fever.
PSB-PN Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which organ's primary role is to filter blood, remove waste, and produce urine?