PSA Cardiovascular Prescribing

Question 1

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics depending on patient characteristics

Answer

First-line antihypertensives are chosen based on age, ethnicity, and comorbidities: ACE inhibitors/ARBs for younger patients, CCBs for older patients and Black patients.

Question 2

Why is aspirin prescribed after a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events

Answer

Low-dose aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase, reducing platelet aggregation and the risk of further thrombotic events after MI.

Question 3

What is the role of statins in cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

To lower LDL cholesterol, reduce cardiovascular risk, and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques

Answer

Statins reduce LDL cholesterol through HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and have additional benefits including plaque stabilization and anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 4

What monitoring is required for patients on ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Renal function (creatinine/eGFR) and potassium levels, especially after initiation and dose changes

Answer

ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury. Renal function and potassium should be checked before starting, after 1-2 weeks, and after dose changes.

Question 5

What is the difference between rate control and rhythm control in atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

Rate control slows the heart rate; rhythm control attempts to restore normal sinus rhythm

Answer

Rate control uses beta-blockers or CCBs to manage ventricular rate, while rhythm control uses antiarrhythmics or cardioversion to restore normal rhythm. Choice depends on symptoms and patient factors.

(PSA) Prescribing Safety Assessment Practice Test

(PSA) Prescribing Safety Assessment Practice Test

PSA Cardiovascular Prescribing