TExES PPR EC-12 (160) Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: When creating anchor activities in a differentiated classroom, the teacher's primary goal is to:

Provide meaningful, ongoing work that reinforces learning while the teacher works with other groups (Correct answer)
Assign test prep packets to students who finish early
Keep fast finishers busy with unrelated tasks
Offer free choice time as a reward for completing work quickly

Correct answer: Provide meaningful, ongoing work that reinforces learning while the teacher works with other groups

Anchor activities are purposeful, self-directed tasks that extend or reinforce current learning objectives when students complete their primary work.

Question 2: The concept of 'Least Restrictive Environment' (LRE) under IDEA requires Texas schools to:

Ensure all students with IEPs spend at least 50% of the school day in resource rooms
Place students with disabilities in general education settings to the maximum extent appropriate (Correct answer)
Educate students with disabilities in self-contained classrooms to minimize distractions
Assign students with disabilities to separate campuses specializing in their specific needs

Correct answer: Place students with disabilities in general education settings to the maximum extent appropriate

LRE requires that students with disabilities be educated alongside non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate, with supplementary aids and services provided to support inclusion.

Question 3: A Texas educator on a probationary contract receives notice of proposed non-renewal. Under Texas Education Code, the educator's primary due process right is to:

Request a hearing before the Board of Trustees or a hearing examiner (Correct answer)
Immediately appeal to the State Office of Administrative Hearings
Challenge the decision in district court without an administrative hearing first
File a grievance with the Texas Education Agency directly

Correct answer: Request a hearing before the Board of Trustees or a hearing examiner

A Texas probationary contract educator who receives notice of proposed non-renewal may request a hearing before the school board or an independent hearing examiner under Texas Education Code Chapter 21.

Question 4: When analyzing assessment data to form flexible small groups, a teacher should prioritize grouping students by:

Specific skill gaps identified in the most recent assessment data (Correct answer)
Alphabetical order for ease of management
Reading level as determined at the beginning of the year
Social dynamics and friendship preferences

Correct answer: Specific skill gaps identified in the most recent assessment data

Grouping by current, specific skill gaps ensures that small-group instruction targets the precise needs identified through recent formative data.

Question 5: Which scenario demonstrates assessment validity?

A history test that asks students to analyze primary sources to assess historical thinking skills (Correct answer)
A writing assessment that gives the same score to the same essay on two different days
A math quiz that consistently underestimates student ability
A science test given to students who have not yet studied the material

Correct answer: A history test that asks students to analyze primary sources to assess historical thinking skills

Validity means the assessment actually measures what it intends to measure — here, primary source analysis measures historical thinking.

Question 6: A middle school teacher plans to use a portfolio assessment for a creative writing unit. What is the primary advantage of using this type of assessment?

It measures a narrow range of specific, isolated writing skills.
It provides a standardized comparison of student performance against a single rubric.
It allows students to showcase their growth and reflect on their learning process over time. (Correct answer)
It is a quick and efficient way to score a large number of students.

Correct answer: It allows students to showcase their growth and reflect on their learning process over time.

A portfolio is a purposeful collection of student work that demonstrates effort, progress, and achievement over time. Its primary advantage is that it allows for a more holistic view of a student's development and encourages student self-reflection and ownership of their learning.

Question 7: Which of the following is the best example of a strategy to promote two-way communication with families?

An automated phone call announcing a school event.
The principal's monthly message posted on the school website.
A parent feedback survey about the effectiveness of the school's homework policy. (Correct answer)
A weekly classroom newsletter sent home by the teacher.

Correct answer: A parent feedback survey about the effectiveness of the school's homework policy.

A survey actively solicits input, opinions, and feedback from parents, making it a clear example of two-way communication. The other options are forms of one-way communication, where the school is broadcasting information out to families without a structured method for response.

Question 8: A student with a physical disability that makes typing difficult needs to complete a research report. Which assistive technology would be most beneficial?

A graphic organizer application
Text-to-speech software
Speech-to-text software (Correct answer)
A spell-checking program

Correct answer: Speech-to-text software

Speech-to-text (or voice recognition) software directly addresses the student's challenge by allowing them to dictate their report instead of typing. This technology removes the physical barrier, enabling the student to focus on the cognitive tasks of research and writing.

Question 9: A teacher wants to support students with ADHD during independent work time. Which environmental modification is most effective?

Reducing the total amount of academic content these students are responsible for
Placing these students in the back of the room away from distractions
Requiring these students to complete work in a separate quiet room
Providing preferential seating near the teacher, fidget tools, and clear task checklists (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Providing preferential seating near the teacher, fidget tools, and clear task checklists

Preferential seating, movement tools, and structured checklists address executive function and attention needs while keeping students in the classroom community.

Question 10: A teacher is in the faculty lounge discussing a student's specific disability and academic struggles with another teacher who does not have that student in any of their classes. This conversation is a violation of:

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The Texas Educators' Code of Ethics
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (Correct answer)
School district policy only, not federal law

Correct answer: The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

FERPA protects the privacy of all student education records, which includes personally identifiable information such as disability status and grades. This information should only be shared with other school officials who have a 'legitimate educational interest' in the information, which the other teacher in this scenario does not.

Question 11: A student struggles to memorize a long vocabulary list. The teacher suggests grouping words with similar meanings into clusters of four. The memory strategy being applied is:

Observational learning
Chunking from information processing theory (Correct answer)
Classical conditioning
Humanistic scaffolding

Correct answer: Chunking from information processing theory

Chunking groups individual items into meaningful units, reducing cognitive load and increasing working memory capacity.

Question 12: A fourth-grade teacher is designing a math lesson on fractions for a class with a wide range of abilities, including several English-language learners. Which of the following instructional strategies would best promote learning for all students?

Providing a variety of manipulatives and visual aids for students to use in small, flexible groups. (Correct answer)
Administering a timed drill of fraction calculations to build fluency.
Having students work independently on a series of complex word problems.
Delivering a whole-class lecture using precise mathematical terminology.

Correct answer: Providing a variety of manipulatives and visual aids for students to use in small, flexible groups.

Using manipulatives (like fraction bars) and visual aids helps to make abstract concepts concrete, which is beneficial for all learners, especially English-language learners and students who struggle with abstract reasoning. Flexible grouping allows the teacher to differentiate instruction and provide targeted support to students based on their needs.

Question 13: Bloom's Taxonomy lists six levels of cognitive complexity. Which level involves breaking information into parts to understand its structure?

Application
Evaluation
Analysis (Correct answer)
Synthesis

Correct answer: Analysis

Analysis involves examining components, identifying relationships, and distinguishing between parts of a concept or argument.

Question 14: A student who has been identified as having ADHD frequently has difficulty sustaining attention during long lectures. Which environmental modification most directly supports this student?

Break instruction into short segments with movement breaks and varied activities (Correct answer)
Reduce the student's coursework load to match a shorter attention span
Seat the student at the back of the room to reduce distraction to others
Require the student to take medication before attending class

Correct answer: Break instruction into short segments with movement breaks and varied activities

Short instructional chunks paired with movement and varied modalities reduce the sustained attention demand that is most challenging for students with ADHD.

Question 15: Reflective practice in teaching PRIMARILY involves:

Completing required self-evaluation forms in the district's appraisal system
Soliciting and compiling parent feedback about classroom instructional quality
Systematically analyzing one's own teaching decisions and their impact on student learning (Correct answer)
Reviewing student test scores and grade distributions at the end of each term

Correct answer: Systematically analyzing one's own teaching decisions and their impact on student learning

Reflective practice is the deliberate, systematic examination of instructional decisions and their outcomes to improve future teaching.

Question 16: If a student discloses suspected abuse to a teacher, the teacher is legally and ethically required to:

Maintain confidentiality and keep the disclosure private to protect the student
Report the disclosure to the appropriate child protective services immediately (Correct answer)
Investigate the claim personally before involving authorities
Consult with the principal and decide collectively whether to report

Correct answer: Report the disclosure to the appropriate child protective services immediately

Teachers are mandated reporters; they must report suspected abuse to child protective services — it is not a discretionary decision.

Question 17: When a student transfers from another state with a current IEP, a Texas school must:

Provide comparable services while reviewing the existing IEP and developing a new one (Correct answer)
Place the student in a general education setting while awaiting new parental consent
Conduct a full new evaluation before providing any special education services
Honor the previous IEP exactly as written for the remainder of the school year

Correct answer: Provide comparable services while reviewing the existing IEP and developing a new one

Schools must provide comparable services to transfer students with IEPs to prevent any gap in services during the transition.

Question 18: At the age of 4 Andrew began to solve image puzzles on his own, without the assistance of his instructor. What form of development is demonstrated in this scenario?

Social development
Emotional development
Cognitive development (Correct answer)
Physical growth

Correct answer: Cognitive development

Cognitive development refers to the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem-solving, and decision-making. Andrew's ability to solve image puzzles independently demonstrates his developing spatial reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving skills, all of which are key aspects of cognitive development. This shows his growing mental capabilities to understand and interact with his environment.

Question 19: Which of the following BEST defines 'assessment for learning' as opposed to 'assessment of learning'?

Tests given at the end of the year to rank students statewide
Assessment used to assign final grades for report cards
Ongoing assessment used during instruction to improve learning before it is complete (Correct answer)
Standardized tests used for school accountability ratings

Correct answer: Ongoing assessment used during instruction to improve learning before it is complete

Assessment for learning (formative) occurs during the learning process to guide instruction, while assessment of learning (summative) evaluates achievement after instruction ends.

Question 20: Which assessment method is MOST appropriate when a teacher needs to measure a student's ability to collaborate and contribute in a group setting?

A standardized written test
A peer evaluation rubric completed during group work (Correct answer)
A teacher-created multiple-choice quiz
An independent essay assignment

Correct answer: A peer evaluation rubric completed during group work

Peer evaluation rubrics completed during group work directly observe the collaborative behavior being assessed.

Question 21: A teacher discovers that students from one cultural group consistently score lower on written assessments. The most equitable first step is to:

Examine whether the assessments may contain cultural or linguistic bias (Correct answer)
Lower expectations for that group to reduce frustration
Assign extra homework to close the achievement gap quickly
Refer all students in that group for special education evaluation

Correct answer: Examine whether the assessments may contain cultural or linguistic bias

Before drawing conclusions from data, teachers should examine whether assessments fairly measure what all students know or inadvertently disadvantage certain cultural groups.

Question 22: Culturally responsive teaching PRIMARILY involves:

Teaching only the cultural content of the dominant group to prepare students for society
Lowering academic standards for students from minority cultural groups
Avoiding any cultural references to maintain a neutral classroom environment
Acknowledging and incorporating students' cultural backgrounds as assets in instruction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Acknowledging and incorporating students' cultural backgrounds as assets in instruction

Culturally responsive pedagogy validates students' cultural identities and uses them as bridges to academic content and rigorous learning.

Question 23: Under Texas Education Code, a student may be removed to an alternative education program (AEP) for which of the following reasons?

Repeated tardiness across a single grading period
Engaging in conduct punishable as a felony on or off campus (Correct answer)
Failing three or more courses in a single semester
Accumulating more than five unexcused absences in a semester

Correct answer: Engaging in conduct punishable as a felony on or off campus

TEC requires mandatory removal to an AEP for students who engage in certain felony-level conduct, among other serious offenses that threaten school safety.

Question 24: To ensure all students feel represented in the classroom, a teacher MOST effectively:

Celebrates only officially recognized national holidays
Selects books, posters, and examples that reflect the diverse identities in the class (Correct answer)
Assigns heritage projects so students can teach each other about their backgrounds
Displays a world map to show students that the teacher values global awareness

Correct answer: Selects books, posters, and examples that reflect the diverse identities in the class

Representation through everyday materials validates students' identities as a natural part of the learning environment.

Question 25: A parent volunteers to help in the classroom but repeatedly offers unsolicited advice about the teacher's instructional methods in front of students. The teacher should:

Speak privately with the parent to clarify the role and boundaries of classroom volunteers (Correct answer)
Ask the principal to issue a formal warning to the parent
Thank the parent publicly for their input and implement their suggestions
Immediately revoke the parent's volunteer privileges

Correct answer: Speak privately with the parent to clarify the role and boundaries of classroom volunteers

A private, respectful conversation about volunteer expectations maintains a productive relationship without embarrassing the parent or undermining the teacher's authority.

Question 26: Which statement best describes parental rights to access student education records under FERPA?

Parents may request to review records, but the school has 60 days to comply
Schools are not required to provide copies of records unless ordered by a court
Parents can only review records during scheduled parent–teacher conferences
Parents must be granted access within 45 days of requesting to inspect records (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Parents must be granted access within 45 days of requesting to inspect records

FERPA requires schools to provide access to requested education records within 45 days, and parents also have the right to request copies.

Question 27: A parent disagrees with the IEP recommendations made at an ARD meeting. Under IDEA, the parent's most immediate option is to:

Request a due process hearing or attempt mediation to resolve the disagreement (Correct answer)
Wait until the next annual ARD review to raise concerns
File a complaint with the Texas Education Agency before any other action
Pull the student from special education services while the dispute is pending

Correct answer: Request a due process hearing or attempt mediation to resolve the disagreement

IDEA provides parents with procedural safeguards including the right to request mediation or a due process hearing when they disagree with special education decisions.

Question 28: A student with test anxiety performs poorly on high-stakes exams but demonstrates mastery in daily work. Which assessment accommodation is most appropriate?

Allow the student to grade their own test
Provide extended time and a low-distraction testing environment (Correct answer)
Replace the test with a social-emotional lesson
Exempt the student from all summative assessments

Correct answer: Provide extended time and a low-distraction testing environment

Extended time and a low-distraction environment are evidence-based accommodations that reduce the performance impact of test anxiety.

Question 29: A Texas middle school teacher is dealing with chronic low-level disruptions from two students. What is the most appropriate first step according to PPR classroom management principles?

Privately speak with the students to understand the cause and set clear expectations (Correct answer)
Move both students to a different classroom
Immediately contact parents and request a conference
Refer both students to the assistant principal

Correct answer: Privately speak with the students to understand the cause and set clear expectations

Addressing chronic disruptions privately and directly with students first respects their dignity and often resolves issues without escalation.

Question 30: A parent disagrees with a teacher's classroom management strategy. The most professionally appropriate response is to:

Listen respectfully and explain the educational rationale for the approach (Correct answer)
Firmly explain that the strategy is non-negotiable district policy
Immediately refer the parent to the building principal
Modify the approach entirely to satisfy the parent's preference

Correct answer: Listen respectfully and explain the educational rationale for the approach

Professional communication requires teachers to listen to parental concerns and explain the reasoning behind their instructional decisions.

Question 31: A PPR candidate needs to foster intrinsic motivation in students. Which instructional strategy best supports this goal?

Providing students with meaningful choices in how they demonstrate learning (Correct answer)
Emphasizing grades as the primary measure of success
Using competition and class rankings to incentivize performance
Offering tangible rewards for every completed assignment

Correct answer: Providing students with meaningful choices in how they demonstrate learning

Providing meaningful choices supports student autonomy, a key driver of intrinsic motivation according to self-determination theory.

Question 32: A gifted student consistently finishes work early and appears bored. Which differentiation approach is most appropriate?

Assign the student additional problems of the same difficulty level
Allow the student to use free time however they choose
Provide enrichment activities that extend and deepen the current concept (Correct answer)
Have the student tutor struggling classmates for the remainder of class

Correct answer: Provide enrichment activities that extend and deepen the current concept

Enrichment extends thinking by increasing complexity and depth, which is appropriate for students who have already mastered the target skill.

Question 33: When communicating with families about a student's challenging behavior, the teacher should FIRST:

Recommend that the student be evaluated for a learning disability
Tell the parent exactly how to discipline the child at home
Begin with a positive observation about the student before discussing concerns (Correct answer)
List all the student's behavioral infractions from the year

Correct answer: Begin with a positive observation about the student before discussing concerns

Starting with something positive establishes a collaborative tone and makes families more receptive to discussing concerns.

Question 34: A teacher notices students become anxious before assessments. Which strategy BEST supports a positive, low-threat environment?

Use low-stakes practice assessments and normalize mistakes as part of learning (Correct answer)
Avoid telling students about upcoming tests to minimize anticipatory anxiety
Allow only the highest-scoring students to retake tests to incentivize performance
Reduce the number of assessments to limit exposure to stressful situations

Correct answer: Use low-stakes practice assessments and normalize mistakes as part of learning

Low-stakes practice and a culture that values mistakes reduce the threat response and support risk-taking.

Question 35: Which of the following tasks will most effectively assist students improve pragmatic language skills?

Writing words in an appropriate order to construct sentences.
Using freshly learnt idioms in speech correctly. (Correct answer)
Putting appropriate end marks at the conclusion of various sorts of sentences.
Using suitable verb tenses while speaking and writing.

Correct answer: Using freshly learnt idioms in speech correctly.

Pragmatic language skills involve understanding and using language appropriately in social contexts, including knowing how to use language for different purposes, adapting language to the listener, and following rules for conversations. Using freshly learned idioms correctly requires understanding their non-literal meaning and appropriate social application, directly enhancing a student's ability to navigate complex social communication effectively.

Question 36: A teacher provides a student with graphic organizers to scaffold note-taking during a lecture. This is an example of:

Universal Design for Learning applied through responsive scaffolding (Correct answer)
Behavior modification
Standardized testing accommodation
Summative assessment

Correct answer: Universal Design for Learning applied through responsive scaffolding

Graphic organizers reduce cognitive load and support diverse learners through proactive scaffolding aligned with UDL principles of multiple means of representation.

Question 37: Which of the following is an example of proactive family communication?

Reaching out to families at the start of the year to introduce yourself and your expectations (Correct answer)
Responding to parent emails within 24 hours
Contacting a parent only when a student earns a failing grade
Sending home a progress report at the end of each grading period

Correct answer: Reaching out to families at the start of the year to introduce yourself and your expectations

Reaching out before problems arise establishes trust and sets a positive foundation for the school year.

Question 38: When designing an assessment, a teacher's primary consideration should be to ensure the assessment:

is easy for all students to pass.
can be graded quickly and efficiently.
is directly and appropriately aligned with the instructional objectives. (Correct answer)
contains a variety of question formats, such as multiple-choice and essay.

Correct answer: is directly and appropriately aligned with the instructional objectives.

The most critical aspect of any assessment is validity—that is, whether it measures what it is intended to measure. To be valid, an assessment must be directly aligned with the specific learning goals and instructional objectives that were taught. Without this alignment, the results of the assessment are meaningless.

Question 39: Which of the following statements about learning styles theory in differentiated instruction is most accurate?

Teaching to learning styles is proven to improve academic outcomes for all students
Students learn best exclusively through their dominant learning style
Learning styles are fixed and cannot change over time
Current research does not support matching instruction strictly to learning style modalities, but varied instructional methods benefit all learners (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Current research does not support matching instruction strictly to learning style modalities, but varied instructional methods benefit all learners

Research does not confirm the 'meshing hypothesis,' but using varied instructional methods is broadly beneficial for diverse learners.

Question 40: A student initially believes all birds can fly, then learns that penguins cannot fly and revises her understanding of birds. According to Piaget, this mental adjustment is called:

Scaffolding
Accommodation (Correct answer)
Equilibration
Assimilation

Correct answer: Accommodation

Accommodation occurs when a schema is modified or a new one is created in response to information that does not fit existing understanding.

Question 41: Which scenario demonstrates INAPPROPRIATE use of technology by a teacher?

Recording a lesson for students who were absent
Using a projector to display student-created work during a gallery walk
Allowing students to use text-to-speech software during assessments per their IEP
Using a student's personally identifiable information to create a social media post without consent (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Using a student's personally identifiable information to create a social media post without consent

Posting a student's personally identifiable information on social media without consent violates FERPA and professional ethics.

Question 42: According to Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which principle addresses providing students with multiple ways to demonstrate what they know?

Multiple means of action and expression (Correct answer)
Multiple means of representation
Multiple means of assessment
Multiple means of engagement

Correct answer: Multiple means of action and expression

UDL's principle of multiple means of action and expression focuses on how students demonstrate their learning through varied options.

Question 43: Which scenario BEST illustrates responsive instruction informed by self-assessment data?

A teacher posts the unit test score average on the board for motivation
A teacher asks students to rate their confidence on a topic and then adjusts small-group instruction accordingly (Correct answer)
A teacher uses self-assessment scores as the primary component of the report card grade
A teacher distributes a self-assessment on the last day of the unit after grades are entered

Correct answer: A teacher asks students to rate their confidence on a topic and then adjusts small-group instruction accordingly

Using student confidence ratings immediately to adjust grouping and instruction is a direct application of responsive teaching — the data drives a real instructional decision.

Question 44: A teacher incorporates student choice boards that allow learners to select from nine activity options. This strategy aligns with which motivational principle tested on the PPR?

Pavlovian conditioning
Self-determination theory — supporting student autonomy (Correct answer)
Learned helplessness reduction
Vygotsky's zone of proximal development

Correct answer: Self-determination theory — supporting student autonomy

Choice boards directly support autonomy, one of the three core needs in self-determination theory, by giving students agency in how they demonstrate learning.

Question 45: During a direct instruction lesson, a teacher pauses and asks, 'Give me a thumbs-up if you understand, a thumbs-sideways if you're a little confused, or a thumbs-down if you're lost.' This technique is an example of:

A summative assessment
An informal formative assessment (Correct answer)
A standardized test
A diagnostic assessment

Correct answer: An informal formative assessment

This is a classic example of an informal formative assessment. It is done 'in the moment' to check for understanding and provides the teacher with immediate feedback to adjust instruction on the spot. It is not graded and its sole purpose is to guide the teaching process.

Question 46: A teacher wants students to present research findings using multimedia. Which expectation BEST reflects higher-order technology integration?

Students read a report aloud while a photo slideshow plays in the background
Students decorate a poster with clip art images downloaded from Google
Students copy and paste text from websites into a slide deck
Students create a video documentary synthesizing multiple sources with original narration (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Students create a video documentary synthesizing multiple sources with original narration

Creating an original documentary requires synthesis, evaluation, and creative production—higher-order skills on Bloom's digital taxonomy.

Question 47: A teacher is designing a long-term unit and wants to ensure assessments accurately measure the intended standards. The best way to ensure this is to check for:

Grade-level appropriateness of vocabulary
Reliability across different scorers
Sufficient quantity of assessment items
Alignment between assessment items and learning objectives (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Alignment between assessment items and learning objectives

Assessment validity depends on whether items directly measure the stated learning objectives; misaligned items produce misleading data.

Question 48: Which scenario BEST demonstrates misalignment between a learning objective and its assessment?

Using a spelling test to assess students' ability to analyze a literary theme (Correct answer)
Using an oral presentation to assess public speaking
Using a portfolio to assess growth in student writing
Using a lab report to assess experimental design skills in science

Correct answer: Using a spelling test to assess students' ability to analyze a literary theme

A spelling test measures word-level recall, not the higher-order thinking required to analyze literary themes.

Question 49: Which behavior best demonstrates a teacher's commitment to professional growth under the Texas educator code of ethics?

Focusing exclusively on test preparation to improve scores
Avoiding peer observation to maintain classroom independence
Seeking feedback, reflecting on practice, and pursuing learning beyond required hours (Correct answer)
Attending only mandatory professional development sessions

Correct answer: Seeking feedback, reflecting on practice, and pursuing learning beyond required hours

The Texas educator code of ethics expects continuous professional growth through reflection, feedback, and self-directed learning beyond minimum requirements.

Question 50: Which classroom practice MOST directly supports students' sense of belonging?

Assigning seats alphabetically to eliminate favoritism
Creating a student showcase wall that features work from every learner (Correct answer)
Displaying only the highest-quality student work as a model for others
Letting students choose their own workspaces to promote independence

Correct answer: Creating a student showcase wall that features work from every learner

Displaying every student's work communicates that all contributions are valued and that every student belongs.

Question 51: A certified Texas educator is arrested for a felony offense. According to the Texas Administrative Code, the educator must:

Only report the incident to their school principal.
Self-report the arrest to the State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC). (Correct answer)
Not report it, as an arrest is not a conviction.
Wait until the case results in a conviction before reporting.

Correct answer: Self-report the arrest to the State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC).

The State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC) has rules requiring educators to self-report certain criminal activities. This includes reporting any felony or certain misdemeanors to SBEC, typically within a specific timeframe after the event. This is a professional responsibility separate from any reporting required by their employing district.

Question 52: A student from a low-income background consistently lacks access to technology at home. How should a teacher address this in a differentiated assignment?

Provide alternative non-digital options or school-based access so the student can complete comparable work (Correct answer)
Contact parents to find a solution before modifying any assignment
Excuse the student from the technology-based assignment
Assign the student a lower-tech version that covers less content

Correct answer: Provide alternative non-digital options or school-based access so the student can complete comparable work

Equitable differentiation ensures that socioeconomic factors do not prevent students from accessing equivalent learning experiences.

Question 53: Peer feedback is MOST productive for student learning when:

Students use structured criteria or a protocol to provide specific, criteria-based feedback (Correct answer)
Students are told to simply say something nice about a partner's work
Students provide feedback anonymously with no follow-up discussion
Students grade each other using the same rubric the teacher will use for report cards

Correct answer: Students use structured criteria or a protocol to provide specific, criteria-based feedback

Structured peer feedback protocols ensure comments are tied to learning goals, making the feedback specific, actionable, and educationally valuable.

Question 54: Which modification MOST directly supports a student with ADHD in maintaining focus within a positive classroom environment?

Providing flexible seating options such as wobble stools or standing desks (Correct answer)
Sending the student to a resource room during core instruction
Reducing the student's academic workload to lower frustration
Requiring the student to sit at the front of the room at all times

Correct answer: Providing flexible seating options such as wobble stools or standing desks

Flexible seating accommodates sensory and movement needs, helping students with ADHD self-regulate without being singled out.

Question 55: A parent contacts the teacher saying their child feels unsafe at school due to peer bullying. The teacher should FIRST:

Wait to see if the behavior occurs again before taking action
Listen carefully, take the concern seriously, and immediately investigate and document the situation (Correct answer)
Inform the parent that the behavior has not been observed in class
Tell the parent that bullying is addressed by administration, not classroom teachers

Correct answer: Listen carefully, take the concern seriously, and immediately investigate and document the situation

Teachers are obligated to take safety concerns seriously, investigate promptly, and document — bullying response requires immediate action.

Question 56: A Texas teacher notices students frequently call out answers without raising their hands. Which proactive classroom management strategy best addresses this pattern?

Ignore the behavior and continue instruction
Send disruptive students to the office
Call on students who call out to reward their enthusiasm
Establish and consistently reinforce a clear procedure for responding (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Establish and consistently reinforce a clear procedure for responding

Establishing and consistently enforcing a clear response procedure prevents call-outs by setting explicit behavioral expectations from the start.

Question 57: A student becomes visibly upset after a conflict with a peer during group work. The teacher's BEST immediate response is to:

Briefly acknowledge the student's feelings and give them space to calm before problem-solving (Correct answer)
Publicly mediate the conflict so the class can see fair resolution
Send both students to the counselor immediately
Continue the lesson and address the conflict during lunch

Correct answer: Briefly acknowledge the student's feelings and give them space to calm before problem-solving

Acknowledging emotions first helps students regulate before they can engage in conflict resolution.

Question 58: A teacher uses 'equity sticks' (popsicle sticks with student names) for cold calling. What is the PRIMARY benefit in terms of classroom environment?

It communicates that every student is equally valued and expected to contribute (Correct answer)
It allows teachers to track which students participate most often
It eliminates the need for teachers to memorize student names
It increases the speed of classroom questioning routines

Correct answer: It communicates that every student is equally valued and expected to contribute

Equity sticks signal that all students are seen and expected to participate, countering patterns where only some voices dominate.

Question 59: Which technology integration model evaluates whether technology use transforms learning beyond what is possible without it?

UDL (Universal Design for Learning)
RTI (Response to Intervention)
TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge)
SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition)

The SAMR model provides a hierarchy from substitution (no change) to redefinition (tasks previously impossible), helping teachers evaluate the transformative power of technology.

Question 60: A teacher administers the same reading fluency assessment at the beginning, middle, and end of the year. This type of repeated measurement is called:

Progress monitoring (Correct answer)
Norm-referenced evaluation
Summative grading
High-stakes testing

Correct answer: Progress monitoring

Progress monitoring involves repeated, scheduled assessments to track individual student growth over time.

Question 61: A teacher notices that a student can solve math problems independently at a 4th-grade level but can solve 5th-grade problems with teacher guidance. According to Vygotsky, the teacher should primarily:

Wait until the student fully masters 4th-grade content before advancing
Only assign tasks the student can complete independently
Assign 6th-grade problems to maximize the student's challenge
Provide scaffolded support within the 5th-grade challenge level (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Provide scaffolded support within the 5th-grade challenge level

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) indicates that instruction is most effective when it targets the range between independent ability and guided ability.

Question 62: Which of the following is a primary legal responsibility of a Texas educator who has reasonable cause to suspect that a student has been abused or neglected?

Report the suspicion to Child Protective Services (CPS) or a law enforcement agency within 48 hours. (Correct answer)
Contact the student's parents or guardians to investigate the situation.
Only report the suspicion if there is concrete physical evidence of abuse.
Discuss the concerns with other teachers to see if they have noticed similar signs.

Correct answer: Report the suspicion to Child Protective Services (CPS) or a law enforcement agency within 48 hours.

Texas law designates all school professionals as mandatory reporters. This means they have a legal obligation to report any suspicion of child abuse or neglect. The report must be made to an appropriate agency (CPS or law enforcement) within 48 hours of first suspecting abuse or neglect. Failure to report is a criminal offense. Investigating the matter or waiting for definitive proof is not the teacher's role and can endanger the child.

Question 63: Which of the following represents a maladaptive behavior?

A student stays up late to finish homework.
Students eating at the same lunch table together.
Bullying another pupil in school. (Correct answer)
A student asked a classmate out on a date.

Correct answer: Bullying another pupil in school.

Maladaptive behaviors are those that hinder an individual's ability to adjust to particular situations or environments, often causing distress or problems for themselves or others. Bullying another pupil is a clear example of maladaptive behavior as it is harmful, socially inappropriate, and negatively impacts both the bully and the victim, demonstrating a failure to cope with situations in a healthy way.

Question 64: A teacher shares a struggling student's test scores with other teachers who are not directly responsible for the student's instruction. This action violates which principle?

The principle of academic freedom
Student confidentiality and FERPA protections (Correct answer)
The school's grading policy
The teacher's right to collaborate with colleagues

Correct answer: Student confidentiality and FERPA protections

FERPA restricts disclosure of identifiable student information to those with a legitimate educational interest, such as the student's direct teachers.

Question 65: Under FERPA, which of the following individuals may inspect a student's education records without prior parental consent?

A local newspaper reporter investigating school policies
A teacher with a legitimate educational interest (Correct answer)
A neighboring school district administrator
A parent of another student in the same class

Correct answer: A teacher with a legitimate educational interest

FERPA permits school officials, including teachers, to access records when they have a legitimate educational interest as defined by the school's annual notification.

Question 66: After a unit on local environmental issues, a teacher asks students to design a novel, practical solution to reduce plastic waste in their school's cafeteria and present a proposal to the principal. This project operates at which level of the revised Bloom's Taxonomy?

Applying
Creating (Correct answer)
Evaluating
Analyzing

Correct answer: Creating

'Creating' is the highest level of the revised Bloom's Taxonomy. It involves putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing. Designing a new solution requires this level of higher-order thinking.

Question 67: Which behavior management approach aligns most strongly with the PPR domain of creating a positive, productive classroom environment?

Permissive management that lets students set all rules
Authoritarian control where the teacher makes all decisions
Authoritative management that balances structure with student autonomy (Correct answer)
Laissez-faire approaches that avoid confrontation

Correct answer: Authoritative management that balances structure with student autonomy

Authoritative management — high expectations with warmth and student input — is associated with the best academic and behavioral outcomes.

Question 68: A teacher rewards students with stickers for completing homework on time. When stickers are discontinued, homework completion drops sharply. This decline in behavior is called:

Negative reinforcement
Extinction (Correct answer)
Stimulus generalization
Punishment

Correct answer: Extinction

Extinction occurs in operant conditioning when a previously reinforced behavior decreases because the reinforcer is no longer provided.

Question 69: A student with an IEP requires extended time on all assessments. A general education teacher is responsible for:

Implementing the accommodation only during state standardized testing windows
Seeking parental approval before applying any accommodation in their classroom
Determining whether the accommodation is appropriate based on classroom observation
Implementing all IEP accommodations consistently across all classroom activities (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Implementing all IEP accommodations consistently across all classroom activities

General education teachers are legally required to implement all IEP accommodations for eligible students in their classrooms at all times.

Question 70: Which of the following is the primary purpose of responsive instruction?

To group students based on fixed ability levels for the entire school year.
To ensure all students complete the same assignments at the same pace.
To adhere strictly to the curriculum map without any deviation.
To use student data and feedback to make timely instructional decisions that meet diverse learning needs. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To use student data and feedback to make timely instructional decisions that meet diverse learning needs.

Responsive instruction is a student-centered approach where the teacher continuously assesses student progress and uses that information to tailor instruction. This involves being flexible and making adjustments to lessons, activities, and assessments to meet the individual and collective needs of the students in the classroom.

Question 71: A teacher overhears two students discussing plans to harm a classmate. The teacher's FIRST action should be:

Report the threat to school administration without delay (Correct answer)
Document the conversation in writing before acting
Counsel the students about conflict resolution strategies
Call the parents of all students involved immediately

Correct answer: Report the threat to school administration without delay

Immediate threats to student safety must be escalated to administration before any other action.

Question 72: A teacher plans a unit on persuasive writing. Which instructional sequence best reflects Bloom's Taxonomy from lower to higher order thinking?

Apply → Remember → Evaluate
Evaluate → Apply → Remember
Create → Analyze → Remember
Remember → Understand → Apply → Analyze → Evaluate → Create (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Remember → Understand → Apply → Analyze → Evaluate → Create

Bloom's Taxonomy moves from lower-order skills (Remember, Understand) to higher-order skills (Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create).

Question 73: Which feature of a well-designed rubric most directly supports fair and consistent grading across student work?

Including only a single holistic score category
Using letter grades instead of numerical scores
Providing clear, observable descriptors for each performance level (Correct answer)
Listing the teacher's personal preferences for each criterion

Correct answer: Providing clear, observable descriptors for each performance level

Observable descriptors for each performance level reduce subjectivity and ensure consistent scoring.

Question 74: A teacher designs a lesson with multiple means of representation, expression, and engagement. This reflects which framework?

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) (Correct answer)
Direct Instruction (DI)
Socratic Seminar
Understanding by Design (UbD)

Correct answer: Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

UDL's three principles—multiple means of representation, action/expression, and engagement—guide proactive lesson design to reduce barriers for all learners.

Question 75: When a teacher asks higher-order questions during a lesson, the primary instructional goal is to:

Promote deeper thinking and reasoning beyond recall (Correct answer)
Prepare students for standardized multiple-choice tests
Maintain class attention through random cold-calling
Assess students' ability to memorize key terms

Correct answer: Promote deeper thinking and reasoning beyond recall

Higher-order questions push students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize, developing critical thinking rather than rote recall.

Question 76: A teacher notices that several students are struggling with a concept after the initial lesson. Which instructional strategy should the teacher use first to address these learning gaps?

Assign additional homework on the same material
Re-teach the concept using a different modality or approach (Correct answer)
Give students a lower-stakes version of the original assessment
Move on to the next unit to maintain pacing

Correct answer: Re-teach the concept using a different modality or approach

When students demonstrate misunderstanding, effective teachers re-teach using a different modality (visual, kinesthetic, etc.) rather than repeating the same instruction, which addresses varied learning styles and closes gaps before moving forward.

Question 77: Which of the following teacher actions is most critical for fostering a classroom environment of equity and excellence?

Providing all students with the exact same assignments and resources.
Grouping students by ability for all instructional activities.
Primarily praising students who achieve the highest grades to model success.
Maintaining high expectations for all students and providing differentiated support to help them achieve those expectations. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Maintaining high expectations for all students and providing differentiated support to help them achieve those expectations.

Equity in the classroom means providing each student with the resources and support they need to succeed, not necessarily giving everyone the same thing. Holding high expectations for every student communicates a belief in their potential, while differentiated instruction provides the tailored support necessary for them to meet those high standards, thus promoting both equity and excellence.

Question 78: A Texas educator discovers that a student's private health information was shared with other teachers without the student's consent or a legitimate educational need. This situation most likely implicates:

FERPA only, because health records are a type of education record in this context
Only Texas Education Code privacy provisions
Title IX because health disparities affect educational access
Both FERPA and HIPAA protections depending on who created the record (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Both FERPA and HIPAA protections depending on who created the record

School health records maintained by the school are education records covered by FERPA, but records created by outside health providers may also be protected by HIPAA, creating overlapping obligations.

Question 79: What is the primary goal of a parent-teacher conference?

To have the teacher report on the student's progress and behavior.
To build a collaborative partnership to support the student's success. (Correct answer)
To complete the required documentation for the student's permanent file.
To allow parents to voice any complaints they have about the classroom.

Correct answer: To build a collaborative partnership to support the student's success.

While discussing grades and behavior is an important component, the ultimate goal is to form a collaborative partnership. This partnership involves sharing information and strategies to collectively support the student's academic, social, and emotional growth.

Question 80: Which classroom practice best demonstrates the PPR principle of maintaining a high academic press while still supporting student engagement and wellbeing?

Accepting incomplete work to avoid student frustration
Grading on a strict curve to maintain competitive standards
Eliminating formative assessment to reduce student test anxiety
Setting rigorous expectations while providing the scaffolding, encouragement, and resources for students to meet them (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Setting rigorous expectations while providing the scaffolding, encouragement, and resources for students to meet them

High academic press combined with strong support creates a challenging but achievable environment where students are motivated to meet rigorous goals.

Question 81: A teacher is designing an end-of-unit test for a diverse class that includes English language learners. Which modification best maintains construct validity while supporting ELL students?

Giving ELL students a different, simpler version of the test
Allowing ELL students to skip the test entirely
Providing bilingual glossaries for content-specific terms (Correct answer)
Eliminating all reading components so language is not a barrier

Correct answer: Providing bilingual glossaries for content-specific terms

Bilingual glossaries remove language barriers without altering the content standards being assessed.

Question 82: A student distributes a political pamphlet at school that expresses views critical of a district policy. Under Tinker v. Des Moines, the school may restrict this expression only if:

The pamphlet was not pre-approved through the district's distribution policy
The views expressed conflict with the school's official curriculum
The expression causes or is reasonably forecast to cause substantial disruption to the school environment (Correct answer)
The content is critical of any school administrator

Correct answer: The expression causes or is reasonably forecast to cause substantial disruption to the school environment

Tinker v. Des Moines established that students do not shed their First Amendment rights at the schoolhouse gate, but schools may restrict speech that materially disrupts school operations.

Question 83: Which of the following is the most important reason for aligning instructional activities and assessments with learning objectives?

To ensure that instruction is focused on the intended learning outcomes and that assessments accurately measure what students have learned. (Correct answer)
To make sure the instructional activities are engaging and motivating for students.
To cover all the content specified in the adopted textbook.
To ensure that grading is fair and objective for all students.

Correct answer: To ensure that instruction is focused on the intended learning outcomes and that assessments accurately measure what students have learned.

Alignment is a critical principle of effective instructional design. Learning objectives state what students are expected to know and be able to do. Instructional activities should be designed to teach those specific objectives, and assessments must be designed to measure whether those objectives have been met. This ensures a coherent and effective learning experience.

Question 84: Which of the following is an example of a teacher maintaining professional ethical standards?

Maintaining confidentiality about a student's IEP details when speaking with non-involved staff (Correct answer)
Using social media to vent frustrations about specific students anonymously
Accepting gifts from parents to show appreciation for extra tutoring
Sharing a student's personal struggles with colleagues not involved in the student's education

Correct answer: Maintaining confidentiality about a student's IEP details when speaking with non-involved staff

Protecting confidential student information to only those with a legitimate educational interest upholds both FERPA and professional ethics.

Question 85: Which of the following describes the concept of 'respectful tasks' in differentiated instruction?

All students complete the exact same task regardless of readiness
Tasks at all levels are equally engaging, challenging, and valued — none are perceived as easy or punishment (Correct answer)
Advanced students receive more homework than struggling students
Teachers assign lower-level tasks to struggling students to boost confidence

Correct answer: Tasks at all levels are equally engaging, challenging, and valued — none are perceived as easy or punishment

Respectful tasks ensure that no group of students feels their work is either busywork or stigmatizing compared to peers.

Question 86: A parent requests access to their child's educational records. Under FERPA, what must the school do?

Require a court order before releasing any records
Deny access to protect student privacy
Share only test scores but not behavioral records
Provide access within 45 days of the request (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Provide access within 45 days of the request

FERPA grants parents the right to inspect and review their child's education records, and schools must comply within 45 days of the request.

Question 87: Which PPR-aligned strategy best helps students internalize classroom rules rather than simply comply with them out of fear of punishment?

Involving students in creating and discussing classroom rules (Correct answer)
Reviewing rules daily at the start of class
Sending home a copy of the rules for parent signature
Posting rules in large print at the front of the room

Correct answer: Involving students in creating and discussing classroom rules

When students participate in creating rules, they develop ownership and are more likely to internalize and follow them authentically.

Question 88: A teacher gives a student a lump of clay. The pupil is instructed to alter the clay. When asked if the new form has more, less, or the same quantity of clay as the ball, the student answers ''less''. Which of the following does the learner not understand?

Egocentrism
Distribution
Reversibility
Conservation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Conservation

Conservation is the understanding that certain properties of an object, such as mass or quantity, remain the same even when its appearance or arrangement changes. A student who believes a reshaped lump of clay has 'less' clay has not yet developed conservation, indicating they are likely in Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development and are focusing on the superficial change in shape rather than the underlying quantity.

Question 89: A teacher is planning a lesson for a class that includes students with IEPs, gifted students, and ELLs. Which planning approach best reflects differentiated instruction principles?

Teach to the average student and provide extra help to others outside of class
Focus instruction primarily on students with IEPs since they have the most needs
Plan three completely separate lessons for each group
Plan one lesson with flexible entry points, multiple representations, and varied product options (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Plan one lesson with flexible entry points, multiple representations, and varied product options

Effective differentiation designs one cohesive lesson with built-in flexibility so all students can access and demonstrate the same core learning goals.

Question 90: A teacher observes a colleague falsifying student attendance records. The teacher's professional obligation is to:

Document the behavior for a full semester before deciding whether to act
Ignore the situation to preserve a positive workplace relationship
Report the misconduct to appropriate school administration (Correct answer)
Confront the colleague privately and insist they self-report

Correct answer: Report the misconduct to appropriate school administration

Educators have a professional and ethical obligation to report colleague misconduct that violates regulations or harms students.

Question 91: A teacher uses pre-assessments before a new unit. What is the PRIMARY purpose of this practice?

To determine which students need to repeat the previous unit
To assign grades before instruction begins
To identify students' prior knowledge and plan instruction accordingly (Correct answer)
To comply with state testing mandates

Correct answer: To identify students' prior knowledge and plan instruction accordingly

Pre-assessments reveal what students already know so teachers can tailor instruction to address actual gaps and build on existing knowledge.

Question 92: Exit tickets are MOST useful as a responsive instructional tool because they:

Give the teacher data to plan the next day's instruction before class ends (Correct answer)
Provide a grade that counts toward the student's report card
Allow students to leave class early if they finish quickly
Replace the need for summative assessments at the end of a unit

Correct answer: Give the teacher data to plan the next day's instruction before class ends

Exit tickets yield just-in-time data that teachers can analyze immediately to adjust the next lesson's starting point, grouping, or focus.

Question 93: When Miss Domingo, a preschool teacher, mediates a conflict between two pupils, what is the best nonverbal strategy for reaching an agreement between the two parties?

Speak slowly so that the pupils comprehend what she is saying.
Maintain a strong grip on the arm of the party she holds accountable.
Get herself down to the pupils' level to communicate. (Correct answer)
Stand higher than the pupils to express her power in the scenario.

Correct answer: Get herself down to the pupils' level to communicate.

Getting down to a child's eye level during a conflict creates a sense of equality and approachability, making the child feel more comfortable and less intimidated. This nonverbal cue fosters trust and open communication, which is crucial for effective conflict resolution with young children. It signals respect and a willingness to understand their perspective, facilitating a more positive outcome.

Question 94: A student frequently exhibits power struggles with the teacher. Which approach BEST de-escalates the situation while preserving the relationship?

Reduce expectations for this student to prevent further confrontations
Firmly assert authority so the student learns who is in charge of the classroom
Offer the student a private, limited choice to give them a sense of control while maintaining expectations (Correct answer)
Involve parents immediately to reinforce the teacher's authority at home

Correct answer: Offer the student a private, limited choice to give them a sense of control while maintaining expectations

Offering limited choices gives the student a sense of agency, which reduces power struggles without compromising classroom expectations.

Question 95: Which federal law specifically guarantees students with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE)?

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Correct answer)
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Correct answer: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

IDEA mandates FAPE in the least restrictive environment and governs special education services in public schools.

Question 96: Which of the following is a BARRIER to effective family-school communication that teachers should work to eliminate?

Holding family events only during daytime school hours (Correct answer)
Providing translated materials to non-English-speaking families
Sending home multiple communication formats
Using student-led conferences to involve children in their learning

Correct answer: Holding family events only during daytime school hours

Limiting events to school hours prevents working parents and caregivers from participating, reducing equitable family engagement.

Question 97: A teacher is designing a unit assessment. Which approach best aligns assessment with instruction to support student learning?

Base the assessment solely on the textbook chapter questions
Create the assessment after the unit is complete so it reflects what was covered
Design the assessment before instruction begins to align learning goals and activities (Correct answer)
Use only multiple-choice questions for efficiency and objectivity

Correct answer: Design the assessment before instruction begins to align learning goals and activities

Backward design—creating assessments before planning instruction—ensures that learning objectives, daily activities, and evaluations are all aligned, leading to more intentional and effective teaching.

Question 98: A teacher notices that most students failed the same section of a unit exam. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

Curve the grades so the class average improves
Re-teach the concept using a different instructional strategy (Correct answer)
Record the grades and move on to the next unit
Ask students to retake the same test without additional support

Correct answer: Re-teach the concept using a different instructional strategy

Using assessment data to guide re-teaching with a different approach directly responds to evidence of student misunderstanding.

Question 99: In communicating with families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, it is important for educators to:

Require parents to come to the school for all important meetings.
Be aware of potential barriers and offer multiple modes of communication. (Correct answer)
Communicate primarily through digital apps to save paper.
Assume all families have access to email and the internet.

Correct answer: Be aware of potential barriers and offer multiple modes of communication.

Families have varying access to resources like internet, transportation, and flexible work schedules. Effective communication requires being mindful of these potential barriers and offering multiple, flexible options for conferences, information access, and participation.

Question 100: Which of the following BEST describes a proactive approach to classroom management?

Responding quickly and firmly when misbehavior occurs
Keeping a detailed log of all student infractions
Removing disruptive students from the classroom promptly
Establishing predictable routines and clear expectations before problems arise (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Establishing predictable routines and clear expectations before problems arise

Proactive management prevents disruptions by creating structure, predictability, and clarity from the outset.

TExES PPR EC-12 (160) Exam

The TExES Pedagogy and Professional Responsibilities EC-12 (160) exam certifies Texas educator candidates in instructional design, classroom management, responsive teaching, and professional responsibilities for grades EC through 12.

100

Questions

285 min

Time Limit

70%

To Pass

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