PMU Pigment Removal Techniques

Question 1

What mechanism does saline solution use to remove PMU pigment from the skin?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis to draw pigment particles to the skin surface

Answer

Saline removal uses osmosis — the hypertonic saline solution creates a concentration gradient that draws pigment particles upward to the skin surface where they are expelled during healing.

Question 2

Which laser type is most commonly used for removing dark (black or dark blue) PMU pigments?

Accepted Answer

Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

Answer

The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is the most widely used laser for PMU removal because its energy is selectively absorbed by dark pigment particles, shattering them for the body to clear.

Question 3

What is 'emergency removal' in the context of PMU procedures?

Accepted Answer

Immediate removal attempted within 48 hours of the original PMU procedure

Answer

Emergency removal refers to attempting to remove or significantly lighten fresh PMU pigment within 48 hours of application, when the pigment is still relatively superficial and the skin has not fully sealed.

Question 4

Which of the following is a contraindication for laser PMU removal?

Accepted Answer

Active keloid scarring or a documented tendency to form keloids

Answer

Active keloid scarring or a history of keloid formation is a contraindication for laser removal because the thermal trauma from the laser can stimulate further keloid development.

Question 5

What is 'paradoxical darkening' in the context of laser PMU removal?

Accepted Answer

When certain pigments containing iron oxides oxidize and turn darker upon laser exposure

Answer

Paradoxical darkening occurs when pigments containing iron oxides — such as white, flesh-tone, or pink — oxidize upon laser exposure, causing them to turn a darker shade rather than lighten.

(PMU) Permanent Makeup Certification Practice Test

(PMU) Permanent Makeup Certification Practice Test

PMU Pigment Removal Techniques