PMC Infant Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Which fontanelle in a newborn typically closes last, around 18–24 months of age?

Accepted Answer

Anterior fontanelle

Answer

Posterior fontanelle

Answer

Mastoid fontanelle

Answer

Sphenoidal fontanelle

Question 2

A newborn's skin is covered at birth by a waxy protective coating called:

Accepted Answer

Vernix caseosa

Answer

Lanugo

Answer

Meconium

Answer

Milia

Question 3

What is the normal resting heart rate range for a newborn (0–1 month)?

Accepted Answer

100–160 bpm

Answer

60–80 bpm

Answer

80–100 bpm

Answer

170–200 bpm

Question 4

The primary structural difference between a child's trachea and an adult's trachea is that the child's trachea is:

Accepted Answer

Shorter, narrower, and more flexible

Answer

Longer and wider

Answer

Made of dense bone cartilage

Answer

Located more posteriorly

Question 5

Which reflex, present at birth, causes an infant to turn its head toward a stimulus touching its cheek?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Babinski reflex

Answer

Palmar grasp reflex

Question 6

In pediatric massage, why is a child's liver considered more vulnerable to pressure than an adult's?

Accepted Answer

It extends lower below the rib cage and is proportionally larger

Answer

It is located in the pelvis

Answer

It contains more blood vessels

Answer

It is not yet encased in a capsule