PhD Doctor of Philosophy Epistemology and Theory of Knowledge 3

Question 1

Virtue epistemology, associated with Ernest Sosa and Linda Zagzebski, grounds knowledge in:

Accepted Answer

Intellectual virtues of the knower

Answer

Reliability of belief-forming processes

Answer

Coherence among propositions

Answer

Social justification norms

Question 2

Testimony as a source of knowledge is debated between reductionists and anti-reductionists. Anti-reductionists hold that testimony is:

Accepted Answer

A basic and irreducible source of justification

Answer

Only justified if corroborated by perception

Answer

Inferior to perceptual evidence

Answer

Always subject to inductive verification

Question 3

Social epistemology studies how social factors and institutions affect:

Accepted Answer

The acquisition, distribution, and transmission of knowledge

Answer

Individual cognitive processes only

Answer

The metaphysical nature of truth

Answer

Mathematical proof procedures

Question 4

The No False Lemmas condition was added to the JTB account to handle Gettier cases by requiring that:

Accepted Answer

The inference chain contain no false intermediate steps

Answer

Beliefs be produced by reliable faculties

Answer

Justification be non-defeasible

Answer

Knowledge be certain

Question 5

Epistemic injustice, a concept developed by Miranda Fricker, refers to a wrong done to someone specifically in their capacity as a:

Accepted Answer

Knower or epistemic subject

Answer

Moral agent

Answer

Political citizen

Answer

Social contract participant

Question 6

Which term refers to the view that scientific theories are merely useful instruments for prediction, not descriptions of unobservable reality?

Accepted Answer

Instrumentalism

Answer

Scientific realism

Answer

Naturalized epistemology

Answer

Coherentism