PhB Bachelor of Philosophy Political Philosophy and Justice 2

Question 1

Rawls's difference principle holds that social and economic inequalities are just only if they:

Accepted Answer

Are attached to offices open to all under fair equality of opportunity and benefit the least advantaged

Answer

Result from free market competition

Answer

Reflect natural talent differences

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Are approved by a democratic majority

Question 2

Which political philosopher argued that a just society requires rectifying historical injustices in the acquisition and transfer of holdings?

Accepted Answer

Robert Nozick

Answer

John Rawls

Answer

G.A. Cohen

Answer

Michael Walzer

Question 3

Republicanism in political philosophy (as defended by Philip Pettit) defines freedom primarily as:

Accepted Answer

Non-domination—not being subject to arbitrary power

Answer

Absence of interference with one's choices

Answer

Positive capacity to participate in self-governance

Answer

Conformity with natural law

Question 4

The concept of 'negative liberty,' associated with Isaiah Berlin, refers to freedom as:

Accepted Answer

Absence of external obstacles or coercion by others

Answer

The power and resources to act as one wishes

Answer

Participation in collective self-determination

Answer

Liberation from inner psychological compulsions

Question 5

Positive liberty, contrasted with negative liberty by Berlin, refers to:

Accepted Answer

The power and resources to realize one's potential and self-determination

Answer

Absence of legal restrictions on action

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Freedom guaranteed by constitutional rights

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Liberty secured by property ownership

Question 6

Deliberative democracy holds that political legitimacy requires:

Accepted Answer

Decisions emerging from inclusive, reasoned public deliberation among equals

Answer

Majority rule through electoral competition

Answer

Expert technocratic decision-making

Answer

Protection of individual rights from democratic interference