Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry 4

Question 1

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the conversion of codeine to morphine in the body?

Accepted Answer

O-demethylation by CYP2D6

Answer

N-demethylation by CYP3A4

Answer

Glucuronidation by UGT enzymes

Answer

Sulfation by SULT enzymes

Question 2

The Maillard reaction in pharmaceutical formulations refers to:

Accepted Answer

Non-enzymatic browning reaction between reducing sugars and amines

Answer

Oxidation of unsaturated lipids

Answer

Hydrolysis of ester bonds in a formulation

Answer

Photodegradation of active ingredients

Question 3

Which property of a drug is described by its logP value?

Accepted Answer

Lipophilicity (partition between octanol and water)

Answer

Aqueous solubility

Answer

Ionization at physiological pH

Answer

Protein binding affinity

Question 4

Sulfonamide antibiotics act by competitively inhibiting the bacterial enzyme that uses which substrate?

Accepted Answer

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

Answer

Dihydrofolate

Answer

Glutamic acid

Answer

Pteridine

Question 5

In NMR spectroscopy, the chemical shift (δ) of a proton is primarily influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The electron density around the proton (shielding/deshielding)

Answer

The molecular weight of the compound

Answer

The melting point of the compound

Answer

The solubility of the compound in the NMR solvent

Question 6

What is the significance of the 'rule of five' (Lipinski's rule) in drug design?

Accepted Answer

Predicts whether a compound will have good oral bioavailability based on MW, logP, H-bond donors, and acceptors

Answer

A drug must have exactly 5 chiral centers for biological activity

Answer

A drug must be metabolized by exactly 5 enzymes

Answer

A drug needs 5 different functional groups to be pharmacologically active

Question 7

Warfarin exerts its anticoagulant effect by inhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K epoxide reductase, preventing regeneration of active Vitamin K

Answer

Thrombin directly

Answer

Platelet aggregation via COX-1 inhibition

Answer

Factor Xa in the coagulation cascade