Pharmacology Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use 5

Question 1

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is started on methotrexate. Folic acid is co-prescribed to reduce which common side effect?

Accepted Answer

Mucositis and bone marrow suppression

Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 2

Amiodarone is used for refractory ventricular arrhythmias. Which serious adverse effect requires monitoring of thyroid function?

Accepted Answer

Hyper- or hypothyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 3

Which inhaled corticosteroid complication can be minimized by rinsing the mouth after each use?

Accepted Answer

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer

Systemic osteoporosis

Answer

Adrenal suppression

Answer

Glaucoma

Question 4

SSRIs are first-line for major depressive disorder. The full antidepressant effect typically takes how long to manifest?

Accepted Answer

2–4 weeks

Answer

24–48 hours

Answer

3–5 days

Answer

3–6 months

Question 5

A patient on long-term aspirin therapy for cardiovascular prophylaxis develops a peptic ulcer. Which drug should be added to protect the gastric mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Misoprostol or PPI

Answer

Antacid prn

Answer

H2 blocker at bedtime only

Answer

Sucralfate alone

Question 6

Phenytoin exhibits zero-order kinetics at therapeutic doses. The clinical implication is that:

Accepted Answer

Small dose increases can cause disproportionately large plasma level increases

Answer

Small dose increases cause proportional plasma level increases

Answer

The drug is eliminated faster at higher doses

Answer

Dose adjustments are straightforward

Question 7

Which opioid analgesic is unique in also having NMDA receptor antagonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor activity, making it useful for neuropathic pain?

Accepted Answer

Methadone

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Oxycodone

Answer

Codeine