Pharmacology Pharmacokinetic Principles 2

Question 1

A drug with a large volume of distribution (Vd) is most likely doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Extensively distributed into peripheral tissues

Answer

Remaining primarily in the plasma

Answer

Undergoing rapid renal elimination

Answer

Binding exclusively to albumin

Question 2

Which of the following best defines bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged

Answer

The rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body

Answer

The ability of a drug to cross the blood-brain barrier

Answer

The percentage of drug bound to plasma proteins

Question 3

A drug undergoes significant first-pass metabolism. Which route of administration would BEST avoid this effect?

Accepted Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Oral

Answer

Sublingual

Answer

Rectal (distal portion)

Question 4

What is the clinical significance of a drug with a high extraction ratio?

Accepted Answer

Its clearance is highly sensitive to changes in liver blood flow

Answer

It is minimally affected by changes in liver blood flow

Answer

It has a long half-life

Answer

It requires renal dose adjustment only

Question 5

A patient has chronic kidney disease with a GFR of 20 mL/min. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Renal clearance

Answer

Volume of distribution

Answer

Protein binding

Answer

First-pass metabolism

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating drug half-life (t½)?

Accepted Answer

t½ = 0.693 × Vd / CL

Answer

t½ = Vd × CL

Answer

t½ = CL / Vd

Answer

t½ = 0.693 / Vd × dose

Question 7

After how many half-lives does a drug reach approximately 97% of steady-state concentration?

Accepted Answer

5

Answer

2

Answer

3

Answer

7