Pharmacology Cardiovascular System Drugs 2

Question 1

Which adverse effect is most associated with ACE inhibitors and results from bradykinin accumulation?

Accepted Answer

Dry persistent cough

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Angioedema of the tongue

Answer

First-dose hypotension

Question 2

A patient on warfarin begins taking amiodarone. What INR adjustment is expected?

Accepted Answer

INR will increase; reduce warfarin dose

Answer

INR will decrease; increase warfarin dose

Answer

No change; amiodarone does not interact with warfarin

Answer

INR will decrease; switch to a DOAC

Question 3

Which calcium channel blocker subclass has the greatest selectivity for cardiac conduction tissue and is used to slow ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalkylamines (e.g., verapamil)

Answer

Dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine)

Answer

Benzothiazepines (e.g., diltiazem)

Answer

Dihydropyridines (e.g., nifedipine)

Question 4

Hydralazine exerts its antihypertensive effect primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Directly relaxing arteriolar smooth muscle

Answer

Blocking beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Blocking aldosterone receptors in the kidney

Question 5

Which antiarrhythmic drug prolongs the QT interval by blocking potassium channels and carries a risk of torsades de pointes?

Accepted Answer

Sotalol

Answer

Lidocaine

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Adenosine

Question 6

Ezetimibe lowers LDL cholesterol by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine brush border

Answer

Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver

Answer

Activating PPAR-alpha to increase LDL clearance

Answer

Binding bile acids in the GI lumen

Question 7

A patient with heart failure is started on carvedilol. Unlike metoprolol, carvedilol also blocks which receptor type, contributing to afterload reduction?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Dopamine D1 receptors

Answer

Muscarinic M2 receptors