Endocrine System Pharmacology Flashcards

Clomiphene citrate stimulates ovulation primarily by:

Answer: Blocking hypothalamic estrogen receptors to increase GnRH release

Clomiphene blocks estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, preventing negative feedback and increasing GnRH pulsatility, which raises FSH and LH to stimulate ovulation.

Ketoconazole can be used to treat Cushing's syndrome because it:

Answer: Inhibits cortisol synthesis by blocking steroidogenic enzymes

Ketoconazole inhibits CYP11A1 and CYP11B1, blocking key enzymatic steps in cortisol biosynthesis within the adrenal cortex.

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is primarily indicated for treating:

Answer: Central diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin is a synthetic ADH (vasopressin) analog used to replace deficient ADH in central diabetes insipidus, reducing excessive water loss.

Octreotide is used to manage acromegaly because it:

Answer: Is a somatostatin analog that suppresses GH secretion

Octreotide mimics somatostatin, binding somatostatin receptors on somatotrophs to inhibit GH secretion and consequently reduce IGF-1 levels.

Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate) treat osteoporosis primarily by:

Answer: Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Bisphosphonates bind hydroxyapatite and are taken up by osteoclasts, impairing their function and inducing apoptosis to reduce bone resorption.

Bromocriptine is used to treat hyperprolactinemia because it acts as a:

Answer: Dopamine D2 receptor agonist at anterior pituitary lactotrophs

Bromocriptine activates D2 dopamine receptors on pituitary lactotrophs, mimicking dopamine's tonic inhibitory control over prolactin secretion.

Fludrocortisone is primarily used for its:

Answer: Mineralocorticoid effects to replace aldosterone

Fludrocortisone is a potent synthetic mineralocorticoid used to replace aldosterone in primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), promoting sodium retention.