Drug Classifications and Prototypes Flashcards

A patient receives protamine sulfate after heparin overdose. What drug class does heparin belong to?

Answer: Parenteral anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin)

Unfractionated heparin is the prototype parenteral anticoagulant, enhancing antithrombin III activity to inhibit thrombin and factor Xa; its antidote is protamine sulfate.

Ethosuximide is the prototype drug used specifically for which seizure type?

Answer: Absence (petit mal) seizures

Ethosuximide is the prototype succinimide anticonvulsant, selectively treating absence seizures by blocking T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons.

Which drug is the prototype proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?

Answer: Omeprazole

Omeprazole is the prototype PPI, irreversibly inhibiting H+/K+-ATPase (the proton pump) in parietal cells to profoundly suppress gastric acid secretion.

Clonidine is the prototype of which antihypertensive drug class?

Answer: Centrally acting alpha-2 agonists

Clonidine is the prototype centrally acting alpha-2 agonist, reducing sympathetic outflow from the CNS to lower blood pressure and heart rate.

Lidocaine is the prototype of which local anesthetic drug class?

Answer: Amide-type local anesthetics

Lidocaine is the prototype amide-type local anesthetic, blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent nerve impulse conduction.

Penicillin G is the prototype for which antibiotic class mechanism?

Answer: Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (beta-lactam)

Penicillin G is the prototype beta-lactam antibiotic, inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to block transpeptidation.

Haloperidol is the prototype of which antipsychotic subclass, and its primary receptor target is:

Answer: Typical antipsychotic; D2 receptor antagonism

Haloperidol is the prototype high-potency typical (first-generation) antipsychotic, acting primarily as a D2 receptor antagonist, causing high risk of extrapyramidal side effects.