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Cardiovascular System Drugs Flashcards

7 cards from real Pharmacology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which Class IA antiarrhythmic can cause a lupus-like syndrome with prolonged use?

    Answer: Procainamide

    Procainamide is metabolized to N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) and is well-known for causing a drug-induced lupus-like syndrome, especially in slow acetylators.

  2. Ranolazine reduces angina symptoms by a unique mechanism. Which ion channel does it inhibit?

    Answer: Late inward sodium current (late INa)

    Ranolazine inhibits the late inward sodium current in ischemic myocardium, reducing intracellular sodium and calcium overload without significantly affecting heart rate or blood pressure.

  3. A hypertensive patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis should NOT receive which drug class due to risk of acute kidney injury?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors or ARBs

    ACE inhibitors/ARBs dilate the efferent arteriole, and in bilateral renal artery stenosis this critically reduces glomerular filtration pressure, precipitating acute kidney injury.

  4. Fenofibrate primarily lowers triglycerides by activating which nuclear receptor?

    Answer: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α)

    Fenofibrate activates PPAR-α, which upregulates lipoprotein lipase and reduces apoC-III, enhancing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance.

  5. Which potassium-sparing diuretic works by directly blocking ENaC (epithelial sodium channels) rather than aldosterone receptors?

    Answer: Amiloride

    Amiloride directly blocks ENaC in the collecting duct, reducing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion independent of aldosterone levels.

  6. In which scenario is the use of a beta-blocker for acute myocardial infarction contraindicated?

    Answer: Acute decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema

    Beta-blockers are contraindicated in acute decompensated heart failure with signs of low output (pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock) because negative inotropy can worsen hemodynamics.

  7. Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that inhibits which clotting factor?

    Answer: Factor Xa

    Rivaroxaban directly inhibits Factor Xa, blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin at the convergence of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.