PGCE Child Development and Learning

Question 1

According to Piaget's theory, what characterises the 'formal operational' stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents can reason abstractly, think hypothetically and use systematic logic

Answer

The formal operational stage (from approximately 11 years) involves the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically and solve complex logical problems - important for secondary school learning.

Question 2

What is 'attachment theory' (Bowlby) and why is it relevant to classroom practice?

Accepted Answer

The theory that early secure attachments with caregivers form a foundation for emotional regulation, trust and learning

Answer

Bowlby's attachment theory shows that secure early relationships are foundational for children's emotional development; children with insecure attachment may struggle with trust, regulation and learning in school.

Question 3

What does 'executive function' refer to in child development, and why does it matter for school readiness?

Accepted Answer

A set of cognitive skills including working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control that underpin learning and self-regulation

Answer

Executive function skills - particularly working memory, attention control and cognitive flexibility - are strong predictors of school readiness, academic achievement and behaviour.

Question 4

What is Erikson's stage of 'identity vs role confusion' and at what developmental stage does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence (approximately 12-18 years), when young people explore identity, values and future direction

Answer

Erikson's fifth stage - identity vs role confusion - occurs during adolescence, when young people grapple with questions of who they are, their values, and their role in society.

Question 5

What does 'brain plasticity' (neuroplasticity) mean and what are its implications for teaching?

Accepted Answer

The brain's ability to form new neural connections and reorganise itself throughout life in response to learning and experience

Answer

Neuroplasticity means the brain changes structurally in response to learning, supporting the view that intelligence and ability are malleable rather than fixed - underpinning growth mindset theory.

PGCE Practice Test

PGCE Practice Test

PGCE Child Development and Learning