Science and Validation Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Science and Validation flashcards as text
Which of the following best describes 'faking' on a personality-based pre-employment assessment?
Answer: Intentionally responding to appear more desirable to employers
Faking (impression management) occurs when candidates deliberately distort responses to present a socially desirable profile rather than an accurate self-description.
What is the primary advantage of using a forced-choice item format in behavioral assessments?
Answer: It reduces social desirability responding and faking
Forced-choice formats require candidates to choose between equally desirable options, making it harder to identify and select the 'best-looking' answer.
In validity generalization research, meta-analysis is used to:
Answer: Combine validity coefficients across many studies to estimate true validity
Meta-analysis aggregates validity coefficients from multiple studies, correcting for sampling error and artifacts to reveal the underlying true validity of a construct.
Which concept explains why the observed correlation between an assessment and job performance is typically lower than the true relationship?
Answer: Range restriction
Range restriction occurs because organizations only hire a subset of applicants, truncating the score distribution and artificially lowering observed validity coefficients.
A concurrent validity study differs from a predictive validity study primarily because:
Answer: Criterion data are collected at the same time as assessment data, using current employees
In a concurrent study, current employees complete the assessment and performance data are collected at the same time, avoiding the lengthy wait of a predictive design.
What is the primary purpose of a job analysis in the context of assessment validation?
Answer: To identify the KSAOs required for successful job performance
Job analysis identifies the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) needed to perform a job, forming the foundation for valid assessment design.
Which of the following is an example of convergent validity evidence?
Answer: A new conscientiousness scale correlates highly with an established conscientiousness measure
Convergent validity is supported when a new measure correlates strongly with established measures of the same construct, confirming they assess the same thing.