PECT Child Development & Learning 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A 3-year-old who is delayed in walking and has low muscle tone most directly shows a delay in which developmental domain?
- Physical/motor (Correct answer)
- Social-emotional
- Cognitive
- Language
Correct answer: Physical/motor
Walking and muscle tone are part of physical and motor development.
Question 2: Which milestone would a typically developing 12-month-old most likely demonstrate?
- Saying one or two words and pulling to stand (Correct answer)
- Speaking in full sentences
- Riding a tricycle
- Reading simple words
Correct answer: Saying one or two words and pulling to stand
Around 12 months children often say first words and pull themselves up to stand.
Question 3: Maslow's hierarchy suggests that before a child can focus on learning, the school should first ensure:
- Basic physiological and safety needs are met (Correct answer)
- Advanced math readiness
- Standardized test preparation
- Peer competition
Correct answer: Basic physiological and safety needs are met
Lower-level needs like food, rest, and safety must be met before higher-order learning occurs.
Question 4: Parallel play, common in toddlers, is best described as children:
- Playing alongside each other without much interaction (Correct answer)
- Cooperating on a shared goal
- Competing in organized games
- Refusing to play at all
Correct answer: Playing alongside each other without much interaction
In parallel play children play near one another but do not yet coordinate their activities.
Question 5: A teacher notices a 5-year-old uses 'goed' instead of 'went.' This overgeneralization of grammar rules indicates:
- Typical language development (Correct answer)
- A serious language disorder
- Hearing loss
- Cognitive disability
Correct answer: Typical language development
Overregularization shows the child has internalized a rule and is applying it broadly, a normal developmental sign.
Question 6: Which approach best supports a child's social-emotional development in the classroom?
- Teaching and modeling how to name and manage feelings (Correct answer)
- Ignoring conflicts between children
- Rewarding only academic achievement
- Limiting all peer interaction
Correct answer: Teaching and modeling how to name and manage feelings
Explicitly teaching emotional vocabulary and self-regulation builds social-emotional competence.
Question 7: Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory emphasizes that a child's development is shaped by:
- Multiple interacting environmental systems, from family to society (Correct answer)
- Genetics alone
- The classroom only
- A single critical period
Correct answer: Multiple interacting environmental systems, from family to society
Bronfenbrenner describes nested systems (microsystem to macrosystem) that influence development.
PECT Child Development & Learning 3
A 3-year-old who is delayed in walking and has low muscle tone most directly shows a delay in which developmental domain?