PCT PCT Nutrition and Diet 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A diabetic patient's diet should primarily focus on:
- Eating high-sugar foods for quick energy
- Controlling carbohydrate intake to manage blood glucose (Correct answer)
- Eliminating all dietary fat completely
- Consuming unlimited protein at every meal
Correct answer: Controlling carbohydrate intake to manage blood glucose
Diabetic diets center on controlling carbohydrate intake because carbohydrates have the greatest impact on blood glucose levels.
Question 2: NPO means the patient should:
- Have nothing by mouth (Correct answer)
- Eat only pureed foods
- Drink only clear liquids
- Avoid all sodium in meals
Correct answer: Have nothing by mouth
NPO (nil per os) is a Latin term meaning nothing by mouth, and is typically ordered before surgery or certain diagnostic procedures.
Question 3: Deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C (Correct answer)
- Vitamin D
Correct answer: Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and fatigue.
Question 4: Enteral nutrition is delivered via:
- An intravenous catheter into the bloodstream
- A feeding tube directly into the gastrointestinal tract (Correct answer)
- Oral supplements taken by mouth
- A subcutaneous injection under the skin
Correct answer: A feeding tube directly into the gastrointestinal tract
Enteral nutrition delivers liquid nutrients directly into the GI tract through a nasogastric, nasoenteric, or PEG tube.
Question 5: A patient with chronic kidney disease is typically placed on a diet restricted in:
- Vitamin C and iron
- Potassium, phosphorus, and sodium (Correct answer)
- Calcium and magnesium only
- All sources of dietary protein permanently
Correct answer: Potassium, phosphorus, and sodium
Renal diets restrict potassium, phosphorus, and sodium because damaged kidneys cannot adequately filter these minerals from the blood.
Question 6: To prevent aspiration during enteral tube feeding, the PCT should ensure:
- The patient is positioned flat in bed during feeding
- The head of the bed is elevated 30 to 45 degrees (Correct answer)
- Large bolus feeds are given rapidly
- All medications are thickened before administration
Correct answer: The head of the bed is elevated 30 to 45 degrees
Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees during feeding uses gravity to prevent formula from refluxing into the airway.
PCT PCT Nutrition and Diet 2
A diabetic patient's diet should primarily focus on: