PCS Pediatric Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Conditions 3

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary goal of using a Pavlik harness in an infant diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

Accepted Answer

Maintain hip flexion and abduction to promote acetabular development around the femoral head

Answer

Prevent weight-bearing until the acetabulum matures

Answer

Correct tibial torsion by external rotation positioning

Answer

Reduce pain and inflammation during the healing phase

Question 2

A 7-year-old child with spastic diplegia undergoes selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). What is the PRIMARY physical therapy focus in the immediate post-operative period?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening and functional mobility re-training

Answer

Passive range of motion for hip adductors only

Answer

Gait training with bilateral KAFOs

Answer

Spasticity management with massage and heat

Question 3

When measuring limb length discrepancy in a pediatric patient, which method provides the most accurate measurement using a tape measure?

Accepted Answer

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to medial malleolus

Answer

Greater trochanter to lateral malleolus

Answer

Umbilicus to medial malleolus

Answer

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to lateral malleolus

Question 4

A child with idiopathic scoliosis is classified as Risser grade 5. What does this indicate about treatment prognosis?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal maturity is complete and curve progression risk is minimal

Answer

Rapid curve progression is expected over the next 12 months

Answer

Bracing is the primary recommended intervention

Answer

The iliac apophysis has not yet begun ossification

Question 5

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the Trendelenburg sign observed during single-limb stance in a child with developmental hip dysplasia?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus medius

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer

Iliopsoas

Question 6

A pediatric physical therapist is treating a 12-year-old with Scheuermann's kyphosis. Which postural characteristic differentiates this condition from postural kyphosis?

Accepted Answer

Rigid thoracic kyphosis that does not correct with prone extension or voluntary effort

Answer

Flexible kyphosis that resolves with active extension

Answer

Kyphosis located primarily in the lumbar spine

Answer

Associated hip flexion contractures greater than 20 degrees

Question 7

A physical therapist is evaluating a 9-year-old with medial epicondyle pain following a season of competitive baseball. Which activity places the greatest valgus stress on the pediatric medial elbow?

Accepted Answer

Overhead pitching

Answer

Batting

Answer

Fielding ground balls

Answer

Running bases