PCS Pediatric Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Conditions 2

Question 1

A 2-year-old child presents with a limp and inability to bear weight after falling from a couch.
X-ray reveals a spiral fracture of the tibia with no signs of other injuries.
What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Toddler's fracture

Answer

Stress fracture

Answer

Greenstick fracture

Answer

Buckle (torus) fracture

Question 2

Which clinical finding is MOST consistent with a diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in an obese adolescent male?

Accepted Answer

Obligate external rotation of the hip with flexion

Answer

Pain localized to the tibial tuberosity

Answer

Leg-length discrepancy with hip abductor weakness

Answer

Positive FABER test with groin pain

Question 3

In evaluating a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which type is most associated with the development of uveitis and requires regular ophthalmologic screening?

Accepted Answer

Oligoarticular JIA

Answer

Polyarticular RF-positive JIA

Answer

Systemic JIA

Answer

Psoriatic JIA

Question 4

A pediatric patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is referred for physical therapy. Which intervention is MOST appropriate to improve bone density and function while minimizing fracture risk?

Accepted Answer

Low-impact aerobic exercise and aquatic therapy

Answer

High-resistance weight training

Answer

Passive stretching with joint mobilization

Answer

Avoidance of all weight-bearing activities

Question 5

Which clinical sign indicates tibial torsion is present in a child, as measured during a prone physical therapy examination?

Accepted Answer

Thigh-foot angle outside the normal range of 0–30 degrees external rotation

Answer

Negative Galeazzi sign

Answer

Hip internal rotation greater than 70 degrees

Answer

Foot progression angle greater than 20 degrees

Question 6

A 15-year-old soccer player presents with lateral ankle pain after an inversion sprain. Which ligament is MOST commonly injured?

Accepted Answer

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

Answer

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

Answer

Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

Answer

Deltoid ligament

Question 7

A child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) begins to develop plantar flexion contractures. Which intervention is MOST effective in delaying progression of these contractures?

Accepted Answer

Night splinting and daily passive stretching of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex

Answer

Active strengthening of dorsiflexors

Answer

Rigid ankle-foot orthoses worn 24 hours a day

Answer

Surgical release of the Achilles tendon as first-line treatment