PCE Core Knowledge and Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly recruited during low-intensity, prolonged aerobic activities?
- Type IIx fast-twitch fibers
- Type IIa fast-twitch fibers
- Type I slow-twitch fibers (Correct answer)
- Type IIb glycolytic fibers
Correct answer: Type I slow-twitch fibers
Type I slow-twitch fibers are highly fatigue-resistant and oxidative, making them ideal for sustained aerobic endurance activities.
Question 2: The Ottawa Ankle Rules are used clinically to determine the need for radiography in ankle injuries. An X-ray is indicated if there is bony tenderness at the:
- Navicular bone only
- Posterior edge of the lateral malleolus or inability to weight-bear (Correct answer)
- Anterior talofibular ligament insertion
- Deltoid ligament origin
Correct answer: Posterior edge of the lateral malleolus or inability to weight-bear
The Ottawa Ankle Rules recommend X-ray if there is bony tenderness at the posterior 6 cm of the lateral or medial malleolus, or if the patient cannot bear weight.
Question 3: What is the primary action of the gluteus medius muscle?
- Hip extension
- Hip abduction and internal rotation (Correct answer)
- Hip adduction
- Hip external rotation
Correct answer: Hip abduction and internal rotation
The gluteus medius primarily abducts the hip and assists with internal rotation, and is critical for pelvic stability during gait.
Question 4: During an assessment, a patient demonstrates a positive Lhermitte's sign. This finding is most associated with:
- Lumbar disc herniation
- Cervical myelopathy or demyelinating disease (Correct answer)
- Piriformis syndrome
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
Correct answer: Cervical myelopathy or demyelinating disease
Lhermitte's sign, an electric shock sensation down the spine with neck flexion, indicates cervical cord irritation often from myelopathy or multiple sclerosis.
Question 5: According to the PRICE principle for acute soft tissue injury management, what does the 'C' stand for?
- Cold
- Compression (Correct answer)
- Contrast therapy
- Circulation
Correct answer: Compression
In the PRICE acronym (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), 'C' stands for Compression, which helps limit swelling.
Question 6: The end-feel perceived when passively moving a normal elbow into full extension is best described as:
- Soft tissue approximation
- Capsular
- Bony (Correct answer)
- Springy block
Correct answer: Bony
Normal elbow extension has a hard bony end-feel due to contact between the olecranon process and the olecranon fossa.
Question 7: Which dermatome corresponds to the C6 nerve root?
- Thumb and lateral forearm (Correct answer)
- Little finger and medial forearm
- Middle finger
- Lateral upper arm
Correct answer: Thumb and lateral forearm
The C6 dermatome covers the thumb, index finger, and lateral forearm, making it useful for identifying C6 nerve root lesions.
PCE Core Knowledge and Fundamentals 2
Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly recruited during low-intensity, prolonged aerobic activities?